Eisspeedway

Nuphar polysepala

Nuphar polysepala
Leaves and flower. Yellowstone National Park.

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nuphar
Section: Nuphar sect. Astylus
Species:
N. polysepala
Binomial name
Nuphar polysepala
Synonyms[2]
List
  • Castalia polysepala (Engelm.) Greene
  • Nuphar lutea subsp. polysepala (Engelm.) Beal
  • Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Kuntze
  • Nymphozanthus polysepalus (Engelm.) Fernald
  • Nuphar polysepala var. picta Engelm.

Nuphar polysepala, also known as the great yellow pond-lily, wokas,[3] or wocus,[4] is a perennial,[5] rhizomatous, aquatic[2] herb[6] in the genus Nuphar native to western North America.[7][8] It is commonly found in shallow muddy ponds from northern Alaska and Yukon southward to central California and northern New Mexico, and can be recognized easily by its large floating leaves and bright yellow blossoms.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Nuphar polysepala is a perennial,[5] rhizomatous, aquatic[2] herb[6][5] with spongy, creeping, branching,[9] up to 5 m long,[10] and 3-8 cm wide rhizomes[7] and an extensive root system.[11] The leaves are submerged or floating.[12] The ovate to oblong leaf is 10–45 cm long,[9] and 7–30 cm wide.[7] The terete petiole[13] is up to 2 m long.[13][14]

Generative characteristics

The solitary, pedunculate, bisexual,[13] 5–10 cm wide flowers[7] float on the water surface, or extend beyond it.[15] They have (6–)9(–12)[7] green to bright yellow sepals,[7][13] which occasionally have a red base.[7] The 10-20 green to yellow, thick petals[13] are hidden by the stamens.[16] The strongly ribbed,[13][7] ovoid to cylindric, 4–6(–9) cm long, and 3.5–6 cm wide fruit[7] bears 4 mm long seeds.[17]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 34.[7][18]

Taxonomy

It was published by George Engelmann in 1866.[19][2][20] The lectotype specimen was collected by C. C. Parry in Osborn's Lake, Colorado, USA in 1864.[20] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.[6]

Etymology

The specific epithet polysepala means "with many sepals".[21]

Habitat and ecology

Habitat

It occurs in slowly flowing streams,[14] ponds, and lakes[15][14] in up to 2,4 m deep water.[15] It provides shelter for fish.[9]

Pollination

It is pollinated by flies and beetles.[13]

Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure.[1]

Uses

Food

The Wokas season, a photograph by Edward S. Curtis

The seeds are edible; they pop like popcorn, and can be steamed as a vegetable, dried and ground for flour, or can be cooked like oatmeal.[8] Historically they have been a significant source of carbohydrates for the Klamath and Modoc peoples who inhabit the area near Oregon's Upper Klamath Lake.[22]

Medicinal

Leaves and rootstocks have been used for ulcerous skin conditions and swelling. The rootstock infusion is used as a traditional gargle for mouth, sore throats and douche for vaginal inflammation. The rootstock is prepared from two tablespoon chopped rhizome with one cup boiling water .[8]

References

  1. ^ a b Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala. (n.d.). NatureServe. Retrieved December 7, 2024, from https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155521/Nuphar_lutea_ssp_polysepala
  2. ^ a b c d Nuphar polysepala Engelm. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1021676-2
  3. ^ John Merle Coulter; University of Chicago; M.S. Coulter; Charles Reid Barnes; Joseph Charles Arthur (1904). Botanical Gazette. University of Chicago Press. p. 396.
  4. ^ Skinner, Megan M. (July 2016). Restoration Plan for Wocus (Nuphar lutea polysepala) in Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon (PDF). Natural Resources Department, The Klamath Tribes of Chiloquin, Oregon.
  5. ^ a b c Nuphar polysepala Engelm. (n.d.). Calflora. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=10994
  6. ^ a b c Nuphar polysepala Engelmann. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/6714
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nuphar polysepala in Flora of North America @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved February 2, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500817
  8. ^ a b c Schofield, J.J. (1989). Marshes, Ponds, and Wet Places in Alaska, Western Canada, and the Northwest. pp. 53–55. ISBN 0-88240-355-9.
  9. ^ a b c DiTomaso, J. M., Healy, E. A. (2003). Aquatic and riparian weeds of the West. p. 110. USA: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources.
  10. ^ Merrick, Samantha; Matthews, Robin A.; and Vandersypen, Joan, "Reed Lake 2013 Aquatic Plant Survey" (2013). Reed Lake. 1. https://cedar.wwu.edu/iws_reed/1
  11. ^ Klinger, Jesse T. (Jesse Tyler), "The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA" (2018). WWU Graduate School Collection. 729. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729
  12. ^ Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala. (n.d.). Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=NULUP
  13. ^ a b c d e f g WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, University of Washington. (n.d.). Nuphar polysepala. Burke Herbarium. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Nuphar%20polysepala
  14. ^ a b c Nuphar polysepala. (n.d.). Washington Native Plant Society. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://www.wnps.org/native-plant-directory/171-nuphar-polysepala
  15. ^ a b c Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountain Region. (2018). USA: Timber Press.
  16. ^ Nuphar polysepalum Engelm. (n.d.). Alaskaflora. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from http://alaskaflora.org/hulten/do?method=detail&id=450-2
  17. ^ Nuphar polysepala Engelm (Engelm.) E.O. Beal. (n.d.). E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Nuphar%20polysepala&noTransfer=0
  18. ^ Pellicer, J., Kelly, L. J., Magdalena, C., & Leitch, I. J. (2013). Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies). Genome, 56(8), 437-449.
  19. ^ Academy of Science of St. Louis. (1860). Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis (Vol. 2, p. 282). Academy of Science of St. Louis]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5787992
  20. ^ a b Nuphar polysepala Engelm. (n.d.-b). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 2, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/1021676-2
  21. ^ Bayton, R. (2020). Practical Uses of Botanical Latin. In The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names - with More than 5,000 Entries (pp. 22-318). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691209135-007
  22. ^ "Indians Turn Klamath Lake Lilies into Diet Staple". Jefferson Public Radio. 2015-01-26. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokas