Twilight Limited

Twilight Limited passing Niles in 1981.
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail
Locale	Midwestern United States
Last service	April 25, 2004
Successor	Wolverine
Former operator(s)	Amtrak & New York Central Railroad
Route
Termini	Chicago, Illinois Pontiac, Michigan
Stops	17
Distance travelled	304 miles (489 km)
Average journey time	6 hours 20 minutes
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	354 & 355
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map Legend Dist. Station 0 mi 0 km Chicago Illinois Indiana 16 mi 26 km Hammond–Whiting 52 mi 84 km Michigan City Indiana Michigan 89 mi 143 km Niles 102 mi 164 km Dowagiac 138 mi 222 km Kalamazoo 160 mi 257 km Battle Creek 184 mi 296 km Albion 205 mi 330 km Jackson 243 mi 391 km Ann Arbor 251 mi 404 km Ypsilanti Closed 1985 Greenfield Village 273 mi 439 km Dearborn 281 mi 452 km Detroit 292 mi 470 km Royal Oak 296 mi 476 km Birmingham 304 mi 489 km Pontiac

The Twilight Limited was a named passenger train in the United States which initially operated between Chicago, Illinois, and Detroit, Michigan. The New York Central Railroad introduced the train in 1926, and it continued until the formation of Amtrak (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) in 1971, although it lost its name in 1967. Amtrak renamed the train St. Clair, feeling that the name "Twilight Limited" had undesirable connotations and imagery for a company trying to save passenger rail service. Amtrak revived the name in 1976 for a new train frequency on the Chicago–Detroit corridor, and kept the name until all trains on that corridor were renamed Wolverine in 2004.

The New York Central Railroad introduced the Twilight Limited on April 25, 1926. The new train was first-class only, with parlor cars and a dining car. It was the fastest of the 13 New York Central (Michigan Central) trains from Chicago to Detroit, leaving Central Station at 3:00 PM and taking six hours for 283.5 miles to Detroit.^[1]: 95 After the Second World War the Twilight Limited gained coaches, but kept some parlor cars and its dining car. Service on the Chicago-Detroit route continued to drop, from seven trains each way in 1951 to five in 1960. The last parlor car came off in the mid-1960s. As part of a massive restructuring the New York Central dropped all train names on December 3, 1967, although the ex-Twilight Limited still ran. Penn Central (the merged New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad) truncated the westbound ex-Twilight Limited at Ann Arbor, Michigan on October 5, 1968.^[1]: 96 Amtrak kept the eastbound ex-Twilight Limited (No. 356), but renamed it the St. Clair.^[2]: 194

By mid-1976 Amtrak had three round-trips on the Chicago-Detroit corridor; these were all named Turboliner after the French-designed gas turbine RTG trainsets which operated on the route. Demand outstripped the trainsets' fixed capacity of 292, so Amtrak began assigning new conventional Amfleet equipment as it became available. On October 31, 1976, the evening pair of trains (#354/#355) became the Twilight Limited. This service pattern remained mostly uninterrupted until 1994, although budget problems led to the westbound Twilight Limited running tri-weekly (Friday-Sunday) between 1986 and 1990. On May 5, 1994, Amtrak extended the Twilight Limited and Wolverine to Pontiac, Michigan. In 2000, as part of its Network Growth Strategy Amtrak proposed extending the Twilight Limited to New York City, New York via Ontario, Canada and Buffalo, New York, bypassing Detroit. The last Michigan-Ontario-New York had ended in 1979 when Amtrak discontinued the Niagara Rainbow. Nothing came of this proposal, although for a time the Twilight Limited terminated at Detroit and handled additional mail and express business. On April 26, 2004, Amtrak dropped individual names on the Chicago-Detroit corridor and the Twilight Limited (along with the Lake Cities) became one of three Wolverines.^{[2]: 197–201 [3]}

• 1976 timetable