Eisspeedway

List of tallest buildings and structures in London

The BT Tower, completed in 1964 at 177 metres tall
The BT Tower, completed in 1964 at 177 metres tall
30 St Mary Axe "the Gherkin", completed in 2004 at 180 metres tall
The Gherkin, completed in 2003 at 180m
The Shard, completed in 2012 at 309.6 metres tall
The Shard, completed in 2012 at 309.6m

At 111 metres (364 ft), St Paul's Cathedral was the tallest building in London from 1710 until it was eventually surpassed by the 118 metre (387 ft) Millbank Tower in 1963. This in turn was overtaken by the BT Tower at 177 metres (581 ft) tall in 1964. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s several high-rise buildings were built, mostly in the western side of Central London and the City of London. In 1980, the 183 metre (600 ft) NatWest Tower (now Tower 42) was completed in the City of London. In 1991, One Canada Square was topped-out at 235 metres (771 ft), becoming the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development.

The 2000s saw the beginnings of a boom in skyscraper building, mostly in the City of London and Canary Wharf. Since 2012, the tallest building in London has been The Shard at London Bridge, which was topped out at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft). There are several tall buildings planned for the City and Canary Wharf, with further clusters emerging in other districts of London including: Stratford, the South Bank, Elephant and Castle, Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Islington, Lewisham as well as in places in Outer London such as Croydon.

As of 2022, there are 121 buildings or structures that are at least 100 metres (328 ft) tall in the Greater London metropolitan area, with 24 of these being in the City of London and 27 being in the Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs district. The Greater London metropolitan area contains the second most skyscrapers of any city in Europe after Moscow. There are 42 skyscrapers in Greater London that reach a roof height of at least 150 metres (492 ft).[1]

History

Medieval and early modern period

The history of tall structures in London began with the completion of the 27-metre (89 ft) White Tower, a part of the Tower of London, in 1098.[2] The first structure to surpass a height of 100 metres (328 ft) was the Old St Paul's Cathedral. Completed in 1310, it stood at a height of 150 metres (492 ft).[2] St Paul's was the world's tallest structure until 1311, when its height was surpassed by Lincoln Cathedral in Lincoln.[3][4] It regained the title when the spire of Lincoln Cathedral fell in 1549.[4][5][6]

Although the spire of the Old St Paul's was destroyed by lightning in 1561, it still stood as the tallest structure in London,[6] while the world's tallest structure became Strasbourg Cathedral in Strasbourg, France.[7][8][self-published source?] St Paul's was severely damaged by the Great Fire of London in 1666.[9] The title of the tallest structure in London passed to Southwark Cathedral, which stands at a height of 50 metres (164 ft) and no structure in London again rose above 100 metres until 1710, when the current St Paul's Cathedral was completed at 111 metres (364 ft), becoming London's tallest building.[10][2]

19th century

Few skyscrapers were built in London before the late 20th century, owing to restrictions on building heights originally imposed by the London Building Act of 1894, which followed the construction of the 14-storey Queen Anne's Mansions.[11] Though restrictions have long since been eased, harsh regulations remain to preserve protected views, especially those of St Paul's, the Tower of London and Palace of Westminster, as well as to comply with the requirements of the Civil Aviation Authority.[12][13]

1960s and 1970s

The lifting of height restrictions caused a boom in the construction of tall buildings during the 1960s.[13][14] St Paul's Cathedral remained as London's tallest building until it was overtaken in 1963 by the Millbank Tower at 118 metres (387 ft),[2][15][16] which in turn was overtaken by the BT Tower which topped out just one year later in 1964 at 177 metres (581 ft) and officially opened in 1965 (then known as the Post Office Tower).[2][17][18][19] One of London's first notable tall buildings was the 117-metre (384 ft) Centre Point, completed in 1966.[20]

Others completed in the 1960s include: the Empress State Building at 100 metres (328 ft) in 1961,[15][21] the Shell Centre at 107 metres (351 ft) in 1961,[22][23] the London Hilton at 101 metres (331 ft) in 1963,[24][25] Portland House at 101 metres (331 ft) in 1963,[22][26] and Euston Tower at 124 metres (407 ft) in 1970,[15][27] all built on the west side of Central London. In 1969, St. Helen's at 118 metres (387 ft) was completed in the City of London,[15][28] along with Britannic House in 1967 at 122 metres (400 ft),[29][30] but the latter was refurbished in 2000, increased to 127m in height and renamed Citypoint.[31] Cromwell Tower, completed in 1973, Lauderdale Tower, completed in 1974 and Shakespeare Tower, completed in 1976, all at 123 metres (404 ft), were built as part of the Barbican Estate in the northern part of the City of London.[32][33][34]

1980s, 1990s and 2000s

The NatWest Tower, later renamed Tower 42, was completed in 1980, which at 183 metres (600 ft) and 42 storeys, was considered the first "skyscraper" in the City of London.[35] Its height was controversial, being contrary to the previous height restrictions, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom at the time and also the tallest cantilever building in the world.[35] Following an over ten-year gap, One Canada Square was completed in 1991 at 235 metres (771 ft) and formed the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development,[35] which itself is part of the Isle of Dogs and can be considered the east-side of Central London. At 50 storeys, it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom.[35]

With the encouragement of Ken Livingstone who was Mayor of London from 2000 to 2008, a renewed trend for building tall was established in the 2000s.[36][37][38]

Following another over 10-year gap, 8 Canada Square and 25 Canada Square, both standing at 200 metres (660 ft), were completed at Canary Wharf in 2002.[39][40] Several others of a smaller height followed at Canary Wharf including: Heron Quays,[41] 40 Bank Street in 2003 at 153 metres (502 ft),[41] 10 Upper Bank Street in 2003 at 151 metres (495 ft),[41] and 25 Bank Street in 2004 at 153 metres (502 ft).[41] In the City of London, The Gherkin was completed in 2003 at 180 metres (590 ft),[42] Heron Tower in 2007 at 230 metres (750 ft),[43] and the Broadgate Tower in 2008 at 165 metres (541 ft).[44][41] Notably, some of the awards given to 30 St Mary Axe include the Emporis Skyscraper Award in 2003[45] and the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2004.[46]

2010s to present

Boris Johnson, who was Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016, approved the construction of more skyscrapers in London.[47][48][49]

At the time of its completion in 2010, Strata SE1 was the tallest residential building in London.[50] The Shard topped out in 2012 at London Bridge and at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft) remains London's tallest building.[51] In 2014, the 225 metres (738 ft) tall 122 Leadenhall Street, nicknamed "the Cheesegrater", was completed in the City of London.[52] In September 2016, a refit was completed of the 111m King's Reach Tower, originally built in the 1970s, which included an 11-storey height increase to bring it up to 150 metres (490 ft) tall and it was renamed the South Bank Tower.[53]

One Blackfriars, also located on the South Bank, topped out in 2017 at 163 metres (535 ft).[54][55] The Scalpel, at 190 metres (620 ft) was completed in the City of London in 2018 and it was designed to protect views of St Paul's Cathedral.[56] Newfoundland Quay, at 220 metres (720 ft) and Landmark Pinnacle at 233 metres (764 ft) topped out in Canary Wharf in 2018 and 2019 respectively.[57][58] One Park Drive at 205 metres (673 ft) and South Quay Plaza at 215 metres (705 ft) both also topped out at Canary Wharf in 2019.[59][60][61] 22 Bishopsgate, at 278 metres (912 ft) topped out in the City of London in 2019,[62] after being approved by the current mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, in 2016.[2]

1 Undershaft, at 290 metres (950 ft), also approved by Sadiq Khan in 2016,[2] is planned to form the centrepiece of the City of London's skyscraper cluster. It is the tallest skyscraper currently proposed for London and will only be exceeded in height by The Shard.[63] It will be built on the site of the aforementioned 1969 St Helen's building which will be demolished.[64] 100 Leadenhall, at 249 metres (817 ft), and already nicknamed the "Cheesegrater 2", is also planned for the City of London.[65] Spire London, at 235 metres (771 ft) is planned for Canary Wharf.[66] However, construction was halted after concerns that the building only had one escape stairwell for residents on the upper floors.[56] The tallest of the two Riverside South towers that have been planned for construction at Canary Wharf since 2008 would have exceeded that cluster's tallest building, One Canada Square, by 1 metre in height, but construction has been stalled since 2011.[67][68] Construction has started on the 216 metres (709 ft) tall Consort Place (previously called Alpha Square) also at Canary Wharf.[69]

There is another major skyscraper cluster emerging in the Vauxhall and Nine Elms districts of London.[70][71] The first skyscraper to appear here was St George Wharf Tower at 181 metres (594 ft) and which was completed in 2014.[72] The tallest tower planned for this cluster is the 200 metres (660 ft) One Nine Elms City Tower.[73]

In 2019, Sadiq Khan blocked the construction of the 290 metre tall Tulip that would have been built in the City of London.[74] After an appeal was launched by the developers against Khan's decision, UK housing secretary Michael Gove rejected the proposal in November 2021.[75][76]

Tallest buildings and structures

This list ranks externally complete London skyscrapers and free-standing towers that stand at least 100 m (327 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equals sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Rank Name Image Height
m / ft 		Floor Year Primary
use 		Location Notes
1 The Shard 310 / 1,016 01.087 2012 Mixed Southwark Tallest building in the UK.[77]
2 22 Bishopsgate 278 / 912 02.062 2019 Office City of London Tallest building in the City of London.
3 One Canada Square 235 / 771 02.050 1991 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Tallest building in the Canary Wharf business district.
4 Landmark Pinnacle 233 / 764 75 2020 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [78][79]
5 Heron Tower 230 / 756 04.046 2011 Office City of London Only 202 m (663 ft) at roof height, but includes a 28 m (92 ft) mast.
6 122 Leadenhall Street 225 / 737 04.046 2014 Office City of London Nicknamed "The Cheesegrater".[80]
7 Newfoundland 220 / 722 04.060 2019 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs
8 Crystal Palace
Transmitter		 219 / 720 35.0N/A 1950 Transmitter Crystal Palace Tallest structure in London completed in the 1950s.[81]
9 Aspen at Consort Place* 216 / 709 35.064 2024 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Previously named Alpha Square[82][69] Approved April 2016. Topped out September 2023.[83]
10 South Quay Plaza 1 215 / 705 68 2020 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [84] Approved in November 2014.[85][86][87]
11 One Park Drive 205 / 673 57 2021 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [88] Wood Wharf A1 building. Application in December 2013 and approved in July 2015.[89]
12 8 Bishopsgate 204 / 669 51 2023 Office City of London Approved in 2017.[90] Construction commenced in March 2019.[91] Topped out in September 2022.[92]
13= 8 Canada Square 200 / 656 05.042 2002 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Also known as the HSBC Tower.[93][94]
13= 25 Canada Square 200 / 656 04.042 2002 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Also known as the Citigroup Tower.[95][96] Currently undergoing refurbishment, to be completed in 2025.[97]
13= One Nine Elms City Tower 200 / 656 58 2022 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Topped out.[98][99]
16 Harcourt Gardens* 192 / 630 56 2024 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [100] Initially rejected 12 May 2016, but granted planning permission in July 2016.
17 The Scalpel 190 / 630 39 2018 Office City of London [101][102]
18 Wardian London
(East Tower)		 187 / 614 55 2019 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Application in January 2013,[103] approved in November 2014.[85]
19 One West Point Tower 1 184 / 604 04.060 2022 Residential North Acton Part of the Portal West development.[104]
20 Tower 42 183 / 600 07.047 1980 Office City of London Tallest structure in London completed in the 1980s. Formerly known as the NatWest Tower.[105][106]
21 Amory Tower 182 / 597 53 2019 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Previously Meridian Gate and The Madison. Approved in 2015.[107] [108]
22 St George Wharf Tower 181 / 594 01.049 2013 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms The crown of the building includes a small wind turbine which helps to generate power for the building.[109][110]
23 The Gherkin 180 / 590 09.040 2003 Office City of London Formerly known as the Swiss Re Building. Nicknamed "The Gherkin".[111][112]
24= BT Tower 177 / 581 16.034 1964 Transmitter and Office Borough
of Camden		 Tallest building in London completed in the 1960s.[113][114] Sold in 2024 to MCR Hotels.[115]
24= One Thames City No. 8 177 / 581 53 2022 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Planning application in 2014.[116] Topped out in 2020.[117]
26 100 Bishopsgate 172 / 563 40 2019 Office City of London [118]
27= Wardian London
(West Tower)		 Wardian London - West Tower - Canary Wharf, Isle of Dogs - May 2024 (2) 168 / 552 50 2019 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Approved in November 2014.[85]
27= DAMAC Tower 168 / 552 50 2020 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Topped out in 2020.
29 One Blackfriars 166 / 546 50 2018 Mixed South Bank Nicknamed "The Boomerang".[119]
30 Broadgate Tower 164 / 539 14.035 2008 Office City of London [120][121]
31= Principal Tower 161 / 528 51 2018 Residential Shoreditch [122][123]
31= One Nine Elms River Tower 161 / 528 43 2022 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Topped out.[98][124]
33 20 Fenchurch Street 160 / 525 14.037 2014 Office City of London Nicknamed "The Walkie-Talkie".
34 One Thames Quay 158 / 518 14.048 2024 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [125] The 180m scheme was rejected by Tower Hamlets Council but later approved by the Secretary of State. Topped out November 2024[126][127]
35 One Churchill Place 156 / 513 22.032 2004 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [128][129]
36 Carrara Tower
(250 City Road)		 155 / 508 42 2018 Residential Islington City Forum site.[130]
37 40 Leadenhall Street 154 / 505 34 2022 Office City of London [131][132] Approved in 2015.[133]
38= 25 Bank Street 153 / 502 19.033 2003 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [134][135]
38= 40 Bank Street 153 / 502 20.033 2003 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [136][137]
40 Croydon Transmitter 152 / 499 36.0N/A 1964 Transmitter Croydon [138][139]
41 10 Upper Bank Street 151 / 495 23.032 2003 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [140][141]
42= South Bank Tower 150 / 492 45 1972 / 2016 Residential South Bank Previously known as King's Reach Tower.[142][143] Height increase from 108 m (354 ft) to 150.4 m (493 ft), completed in May 2016.[144][145]
42= 10 Park Drive
(Wood Wharf A3)		 150 / 492 43 2019 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [146]
44= College Road Tower A 149 / 489 49 2022 Residential Croydon Topped out in November 2022. Europe's tallest modular building.[147][148]
44= Baltimore Tower 149 / 489 46 2016 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [149][150][151][152]
44= Highpoint 149 / 489 46 2017 Residential Elephant & Castle [153][154][155]
47= Pan Peninsula
East Tower		 147 / 484 02.048 2008 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [156][157]
47= One Bank Street 147 / 482 28 2019 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Formerly known as Heron Quays West. Application submitted in December 2013.[158]
47= Strata 147 / 484 43 2010 Residential Elephant & Castle [159][160][161] The tallest residential building in London at the time of its completion.[50]
50 Maine Tower (Harbour Central Block D) 144 / 472 42 2018 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [162][163] Topped out in 2020.
51= Manhattan Loft Gardens 143 / 469 42 2018 Residential Stratford [164]
51= Guy's Tower 143 / 469 17.034 1974 Hospital Southwark Second tallest all-hospital building in the world. Tallest structure in London completed in the 1970s.[165][166]
53 24 Marsh Wall
East Tower		 140 / 458 44 2010 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs
54 Imperial West
Residential Building		 139 / 456 35 2019 Residential White City [167][168] Located at 88 Wood Lane, W12 0FD.
55 250 City Road, Tower 2 137 / 454 36 2019 Residential Islington
56 Charrington Tower 136 / 446 44 2016 Residential Blackwall [169][170][171]
57 101 George Street 135.6 / 444 44 2019 Residential Croydon Upon completion was the world's tallest modular building.[172][173]
58= One Bishopsgate Plaza 135 / 443 44 2020 Hotel City of London Located at 150 Bishopsgate, EC2M 4HX.
58= London Eye 135 / 443 37.0 N/A 1999 Ferris wheel South Bank The world's tallest Ferris wheel from 1999 to 2006.[174][175]
60= Saffron Square 134 / 440 44 2015 Residential Croydon [176][177]
60= Two Fifty One 134 / 440 42 2017 Residential Elephant & Castle [178][179][180] Formerly Eileen House.
62 Atlas Building 134 / 438 40 2018 Residential Hackney 145 City Road. Replaced Crown House.
63= 150 High Street,
Stratford		 133 / 436 42 2013 Residential Stratford [181]
63= Wembley Stadium 133 / 436 34.06 2007 Stadium Wembley Second-tallest stadium in the world.[182][183]
65 25 Churchill Place 130 / 428 10.023 2014 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [184][185]
66= One West Point Tower 2 128 / 420 04.060 2022 Residential North Acton Part of the Portal West development.[104]
66= 40 Marsh Wall 128 / 420 39 2017 Hotel Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [186] Tallest all-hotel building in the United Kingdom.[187]
66= Keybridge Lofts 128 / 420 37 2019 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms [188] Upon completion was the UK's tallest brick residential tower.[189] Replaced former BT building called Keybridge House.[190] Topped out in 2020.[191]
66= 10 George Street (Wood Wharf E2) 128 / 420 35 2018 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [192] Application in December 2013, approved in 2014.[193][194][195] Topped out in 2019.[196]
70 CityPoint 127 / 417 36 1967 / 2000 Office City of London Previously known as Britannic House (1967) at 122m tall,[29][30] refurbished in 2000, increased height to 127m and renamed CityPoint.[31]
71 Gladwin Tower 126 / 411 37 2019 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms [197][198][199] Also known as Nine Elms Point. Completed in 2020.[200]
72= Willis Building 125 / 410 29.026 2007 Office City of London [201][202]
72= Harbour Central Block C 125 / 410 36 2018 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [203][204] Topped out in 2020.
74 One Thames City No. 9 124.6 / 408.8 36 2022 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Planning application in 2014.[116] Topped out in 2020.[205]
75= One The Elephant 124 / 406 37 2015 Residential Elephant & Castle [206][207] Formerly St. Mary's. Completed in June 2016.[208]
75= Euston Tower 124 / 408 12.036 1970 Office Euston [209][210]
77= Cromwell Tower 123 / 404 08.042 1973 Residential City of London [211][212]
77= Lauderdale Tower 123 / 404 06.043 1974 Residential City of London [213][214]
77= Shakespeare Tower 123 / 404 05.043 1976 Residential City of London [215][216]
77= One Crown Place Tower 1 123 / 403 33 2020 Residential Shoreditch [217] Topped out in 2020.
81= Pan Peninsula
West Tower		 122 / 400 10.039 2008 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [218][219]
81= 1 Casson Square (Southbank Place) 122 / 400 37 2018 Residential South Bank [220][221][222] Topped out in 2018.[223]
81= Stratosphere Tower 122 / 400 39 2017 Residential Stratford [224][225] Formerly called Broadway Chambers.
81= Chelsea Waterfront West Tower 122 / 400 37 2019 Residential Chelsea Harbour Completed in 2019.[226]
81= Alta at Consort Place* 122 / 400 34 2023 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Nearing completion.[227][228]
86 Sky Gardens Nine Elms 120 / 394 35 2017 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms [229]
87 Millbank Tower 119 / 390 21.033 1963 Office Westminster [230][231]
88 St. Helen's 118 / 387 28.028 1969 Office City of London Formerly known as the Aviva Tower.[232][233]
89= Centre Point 117 / 385 15.035 1967 Residential West End [234][235] Converted from office space to flats in 2015.[236]
89= Conington Road 117 / 385 15.034 2024 Residential Lewisham Tallest in Lewisham Town Centre.[237][238][239] Practical completion March 2024.[240]
89= Empress State Building 117 / 385 24.031 1961 Office Fulham Originally stood at a height of 100 m (330 ft) before a height extension in 2003.[241][242]
92 Lexicon Tower
(aka Chronicle Tower)		 116 / 380 36 2015 Residential Islington [243][244][245] Located at 261 City Road.[246]
93= The Stage, Shoreditch 115 / 377 38 2022 Residential Shoreditch Topped out in 2021.[247][248]
93= Rudolf Place 115 / 377 37 2021 Office/Student Vauxhall / Nine Elms Topped out in 2021.[249][250]
93= 22 Ropemaker 115 / 377 27 2023 Office City of London Topped out in 2022.[251]
93= ArcelorMittal Orbit 115 / 377 37.02 2012 Viewing
platform		 Stratford [252]
97 Queen's Quarter Building 1 114 / 374 35 2021 Residential Croydon [253][254][255] Topped out in 2021[256]
97 Halo Tower Building 1 114 / 374 42 2013 Residential
98= Insignia Point 113 / 371 30 2018 Residential Stratford East Village E20, Site N08 Tower 2, completed in 2018.[257][258]
98= Battersea Power Station 113 / 370 33.010 1953 Industrial Battersea [259][260]
100 The Heron 112 / 367 35 2013 Residential City of London Also known as Milton Court.[261][262]
101 Manor Road Quarter 112 / 367 34 2024 Residential Canning Town Tower A. Part of new residential scheme in Canning Town. Topped out September 2023.[263] Topped out September 2023.
102 St Paul's Cathedral 111 / 364 38.0N/A 1710 Religious City of London Tallest place of worship in London. Tallest structure completed in London in the 1700s.[264][265]
103 Dollar Bay Tower 109 / 358 31 2016 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [266][267]
104 1 West India Quay 108 / 354 13.036 2004 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [268][269]
105= Shell Centre 107 / 351 30.026 1961 Office South Bank [270][271]
105= One Crown Place Tower 2 107 / 351 29 2020 Residential Shoreditch [217] Topped out in 2020.
107= Finsbury Tower 105 / 344 28 2021 Office Finsbury [272]
107= 33 Canada Square 105 / 344 32.018 1999 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [273][274]
107= Sky View Tower 105 / 345 35 2016 Residential Stratford [275] Tallest of the Capital Towers development.[276]
107= Chapter Spitalfields 105 / 344 34 2009 Residential
(student)		 City of London [277]
107= Pioneer Point North 105 / 344 31 2011 Residential Ilford [278][279]
107= Lewisham Exchange Tower 105 / 344 33 2021 Residential/Student Lewisham Topped out in 2021.
113= 99 Bishopsgate 104 / 340 31.026 1976 Office City of London [280][281]
113= Ontario Tower 104 / 340 25.029 2007 Residential Blackwall [282][283]
115 Legacy Tower 103 / 338 33 2018 Residential Stratford [284] Completed in late 2018.
116= Upper Riverside Building 5 102 / 335 31 2020 Residential Greenwich Peninsula [285][286] Topped out in 2020.[287]
116= Victoria Tower 102 / 336 39.0N/A 1858 Government Westminster Tallest non-religious building in the world upon completion. Tallest structure completed in London in the 1800s.[288][289]
116= Hurlock Heights 102 / 336 31 2019 Residential Elephant & Castle Tallest building in the Elephant Park Development.[290]
116= Westmark Tower 102 / 336 30 2021 Residential Paddington Part of the West End Gate mixed used development scheme in Paddington.[291][292]
120= Portland House 101 / 331 26.029 1963 Office Westminster [293][294] Currently undergoing refurbishment, expected completion in 2025.[295]
120= London Hilton
on Park Lane		 101 / 331 26.028 1963 Hotel West End
120= Skyline,
Woodberry Down		 101 / 331 31 2016 Residential Hackney [296]
120= One Angel Court 101 / 331 24 2017 Office City of London [297] Refurbishment of 97 m (318 ft) building.[298]
124= Stock Exchange Tower 100 / 328 26.027 1970 Office City of London [299][300]
124= Urbanest King's Cross 100 / 328 26.027 2013 Residential Borough
of Camden		 [301]
124= Laurel Point 100 / 328 28 2018 Residential Stratford East Village E20, Site N08 Tower 1, completed in 2018.[302]
124= 4 Casson Square (Southbank Place) 100 / 327 29 2019 Residential South Bank [303][220][221] Topped out in 2018.[304]

* Indicates still under construction, but has been topped-out

Tallest under construction, approved and proposed

Under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m). Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are listed above.

Name Image Height
m / ft 		Floors Year (est.) Primary use Location Notes
40 Charter Street (Wood Wharf E4) 185.1 / 607 51 2027 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Updated application approved in February 2022.[305][306]
Vauxhall Square North 168 / 550 50 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms [307][308]
Vauxhall Square South 168 / 550 50 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms [307][308]
Bankside Yards "Opus" 166 / 545 50 2026 Residential South Bank Part of the Bankside Yards development.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315][316]
50-60 Charter Street Tower 1 (Wood Wharf J3) 161 / 528 49 2025 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Updated application approved in February 2022.[305][317]
One Leadenhall 158 / 518 36 2024 Office City of London [318] Application submitted August 2016. Approved January 2017.[319]
2–3 Finsbury Avenue 156 / 511 38 Office City of London Proposed in 2015, slight design changes, resubmitted application in 2016 and approved in December 2021.[320]
Canada Water Building C4 “The Founding” 150 / 492 40 Residential Canada Water [321][322][323]
Millharbour Village G3 142 / 466 45 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [324]
2 Trafalgar Way, Tower 1 138 / 451 48 2026 Residential Poplar Part of a new student accommodation development under construction near Blackwall.[325][326]
The Mall 137 / 449 34 Residential Walthamstow [327]
Chapter London Bridge 133 / 436 39 2025 Residential Southwark [328] Construction of a 39-storey student accommodation tower near London Bridge station. Approved in May 2019, with construction commencing in March 2022.[329][330]
Millharbour Village West G2.1 126 / 413 37 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [324]
Elephant and Castle Town Centre Tower 1 121 / 397 32 Residential Elephant & Castle Tallest tower of Elephant and Castle Town Centre redevelopment. Application approved June 2021.[331][332]
Sampson House B 120 / 394 34 Residential South Bank Part of the Bankside Yards development.[309][310][311][313][314]
Elephant and Castle Town Centre Tower 3 117 / 384 35 Residential Elephant & Castle Elephant and Castle Town Centre redevelopment. Application approved June 2021.[331][332]
Millharbour Village West G2.2 113 / 371 35 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [324][333]
Twelvetrees Park Tower 1 113 / 371 34 Residential West Ham [334]
Cassini Tower (White City Living) 112 / 367 35 Residential White City [335]
50-60 Charter Street Tower 2 (Wood Wharf J1) 112 / 367 34 2025 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Updated application approved in February 2022.[305]
2 Trafalgar Way, Tower 2 110 / 358 36 2026 Residential Poplar Part of a new student accommodation development under construction near Blackwall.[325][326]
Twelvetrees Park Tower 2 107 / 351 32 Residential West Ham [334]
Millharbour Village West G4 102 / 334 32 Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [336]

Approved

This lists buildings that are approved for construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m).

Name Image Height
metres / ft 		Floors Year (est.) Primary Use Location Notes
1 Undershaft 294 / 965* 74 2030 Office City of London Planning application submitted in February 2016.[337] Approved November 2016.[338] Updated proposal submitted January 2024[339]
55 Bishopsgate 269 / 882* 63 2029 Office City of London Planning application approved July 2023.[340]
100 Leadenhall 249 / 817 56 2026 Office City of London Planning application approved in July 2018.[341]
Riverside South Tower 1 237 / 778 45 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [342][343] Build to ground level. On hold.
Spire London 235 / 771 67 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [344] Replaces two proposals on this site – Columbus Tower and Hertsmere Tower.[345] Application 8 October 2015, approved 2016[346] Currently on hold.[347][348]
Ensign House 224 / 735* 56 2026 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Approved 17 February 2022.[349]
4 Portal Way Tower 1 203 / 666 55 Residential North Acton Approved 20 July 2016[350][351]
One Portal Way Tower 1 196 / 643 56 Residential North Acton Proposal for a mixed use development in North Acton.[352] Approved October 2023.[353]
18 Blackfriars Road "Office Building" 191 / 627 48 Office Blackfriars [354][355] This is the third proposal for this development site. Previous proposals included from 2008,[356] and 2016.[357] Approved May 2024.[358]
One Portal Way Tower 2 186 / 610 51 Residential North Acton Proposal for a mixed use development in North Acton.[352] Approved October 2023.[353]
Riverside South Tower 2 186 / 610 37 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [359][360] Built to ground level. On hold.
Vauxhall Cross Tower 1 185 / 606.9 53 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Approved in April 2020[361]
One Portal Way Tower 3 182 / 597 51 Residential North Acton Proposal for a mixed use development in North Acton.[352] Approved October 2023.[353]
Cuba Street 172 / 564 52 2025 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Updated application approved after initial concerns by the London Fire Brigade suggesting the single staircase serving the upper floors being inadequate during emergency situations.[362] A second staircase was incorporated into the design and approved by Tower Hamlets council in March 2022.[363]
Ten Bank Street 161 / 528 31 Office Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Heron Quays West 1[364][365] 10 Bank Street. Site preparation.
Wood Wharf B1 160 / 525 Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Application 19 December 2013. Approved 2014.[193]
30 Marsh Wall 156 / 512 48 2025 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs New student residential tower. Approved 31 March 2022 [366]
13–14 Appold Street 156 / 512 45 2019 Hotel Shoreditch [367] Approved 2015[368]
One Station Road 154/ 505 42 Residential Ilford Approved in 2019 by Redbridge council.[369][370]
99 City Road 152 / 501 35 Office Islington Approved in September 2023 [371]
One Thames City N.10 151 / 495 46 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms As per planning application of 2014.[116]
18 Blackfriars Road "Stamford Building" 151 / 495 44 Residential Blackfriars Proposal for a 40-storey residential tower at Blackfriars.[372][355] This is the third proposal for this development site. Previous proposals included from 2008,[356] and 2016.[357] Approved May 2024.[358]
Vauxhall Cross Tower 2 151 / 495 42 Residential Vauxhall / Nine Elms Approved in April 2020[361]
7 Brannan Street (Wood Wharf F1) 150 / 492 50 2028 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Outline application for a new student let tower in the new Wood Wharf development area.
1 Merchant Square 150 / 492 42 Residential Paddington [373] Planned to be the tallest building in the City of Westminster. On hold.
50 Fenchurch Street 150 / 492 36 Office City of London Approved 14 May 2020[374]
56-58 Marsh Wall 147 / 482 46 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Approved April 2023.[375]
Bermondsey Place Building B4 143 / 469 44 Residential Southwark Formerly known as Malt Street regeneration.[376] The tower is the tallest of a new cluster of buildings, formed as part of the Old Kent Road regeneration scheme.[377]
Skipton House Tower 1 143 / 469 39 Residential Elephant & Castle Approved July 2016[378]
Doon Street Tower 140 / 459 43 Residential South Bank [379] On hold.
Stratford Island Tower 1 140 / 459 42 Residential Stratford [380][381] Tallest building as part of redevelopment of Stratford Centre. Work expected to begin 2017.
54 Marsh Wall 140 / 459 39 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [382] Proposed 2014. New plans submitted and approved January 2017.[383]
Millharbour Village East G1.1 139 / 456 45 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [324]
West End Gate 138 / 452 39 Residential Paddington West End Gate scheme on the site of the former Paddington Green Police Station. Approved March 2023.[384][385]
70 Gracechurch Street 138 / 452 34 Office City of London Proposal for a new office development. Approved in February 2021.[386]
55 Gracechurch Street 130 / 426 30 Office City of London Proposal for a new office development in the City of London. Approved in January 2021.[387]
12–20 Wyvil Road 126 / 413 37 2020 Residential Vauxhall [388][389] Old design Approved.[390] New scheme named Grand South application submitted 2016[391]
Vicarage Field Tower 1 125 / 410* 36 Residential Barking [392] Tallest tower of proposed Vicarage Field development in Barking. Approved 16 January 2017.[393]
Botanical House 124 / 407 36 2027 Residential Croydon Proposal for a new residential tower in Croydon. Approved November 2023.[394]
4 Portal Way Tower 2 123 / 403.5 45 Residential North Acton [351]
Elizabeth House 123 / 403 29 Office South Bank Waterloo
Millharbour Village East G1.3 122 / 400 39 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [324][395]
Morden Wharf Tower 1 122 / 400 36 Residential Greenwich Proposal for a new residential complex in Greenwich. New developer for project announced November 2023.[396]
Cherry Park Tower 1 121 / 397* 39 2023 Residential Stratford Tallest building in Cherry Park scheme, Stratford, East London.[397]
IQL Park Place Tower 1 120 / 394 35 2026 Residential Stratford Tallest planned building in the Stratford Cross cluster in Stratford.[398]
One Peninsula Square 120 / 393* 36 Residential Greenwich Peninsula Proposal for a new 820-room student residential tower in Greenwich Peninsula.[399][400] Approved March 2024.[401]
Convoys Wharf Tower 1 116 / 380 40 Residential Deptford
South Quay Plaza 2 115 / 378 35 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs [84] Phase one under way.
Ram Quarter Tower 113 / 371 36 Residential Wandsworth Part of the second Phase of the ram brewery development, not started yet.
Republic at East India Dock 110 / 360 36 Residential Blackwall Proposal for a mixed use development including a new student residential tower. Proposal approved by appeal after initially being rejected.[402][403]
Edge London Bridge 109 / 357 27 Residential Southwark [404]
207–209 Shoreditch High Street 107 / 351 30 Hotel Shoreditch [405]
Westferry Printworks Tower 1 106 / 348 29 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Approved in April 2016 after public inquiry.[406] Demolition of current buildings ongoing.[407]
Skipton House Tower 2 106 / 348 25 Residential Elephant & Castle Approved July 2016[378]
The Bellamy 104 / 341 26 Residential Canary Wharf / Isle of Dogs Proposal for a new residential tower in Canary Wharf. Approved July 2022.[408]
Morden Wharf Tower 2 103 / 338 30 Residential Greenwich Proposal for a new residential complex in Greenwich. New developer for project announced November 2023.[396]
115-123 Houndsditch 103 / 338 24 Office City of London Proposal for a new office development in the City of London. Approved December 2021.[409][410]
Enderby Place Tower 1 102 / 334 29 Residential Greenwich

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding a building's expected year of completion has not yet been released.

** Approximate figure.

Proposed

This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in London and are planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m). Once a planning application has been submitted, a decision by the relevant authority may take two or three years.

Name Height
m / ft 		Floors Year (Proposal) Notes
99 Bishopsgate 240 / 787 54 2024 Application 24/00836/FULEIA. Proposal for a new office tower in the City of London. [411]
North Quay Tower 1 222 / 728 67 2017 Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
North Quay Tower 2 212 / 696 61 2017 Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
North Quay Tower 3 203 / 666 47 2017 Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
One Park Place 199 / 653* 60 2021 Application PA/21/02292/A1. New proposal for a 60-storey residential tower in Canary Wharf.[412]
Vauxhall Cross Island 175 / 574* 53 2017
Neasden Goods Yard Tower 1 (Plot A2) 173 / 567* 50 2023 Application 23/3462 (PP-12403737). New proposal for the redevelopment of Neasden Goods Depot, including construction of new residential, student accommodation and commercial space.[413]
One East Point 170 / 558* 52 2021 Application PA/21/02373/NC. New proposal for a 52-storey residential tower in Canary Wharf on the site of the former Harbour Exchange Square.[412][414]
One Lansdowne Road Tower 1 167 / 548 49 2024 Application 23/02689/FUL. Proposal for two residential towers in Croydon.[415] Previous application was withdrawn by the developer in 2022.[416]
The Goodsyard Tower 1 166 / 545 46 2015 Decision on planning delayed in April 2016
Project Skylines 160 / 525* 48 2017 Tallest of the proposed buildings of scheme on the Isle of Dogs. Application PA/17/01597/A1
Stratford Waterfront Tower 1 160 / 525* 47 2016 [417] Two towers originally proposed at 47 stories. New plans will reduce height of towers. Part of the Olympic Park development.[418]
Stratford Waterfront Tower 2 160 / 525* 47 2016 [417] Two towers originally proposed at 47 stories. New plans will reduce height of towers. Part of the Olympic Park development.[418]
Borough Triangle Tower 1 158 / 518 46 2022 Application 22/AP/3149. Proposal for one of four towers with the tallest two over 100m.[419]
Neasden Goods Yard Tower 2 (Plot R2) 150 / 492* 41 2023 Application 23/3462 (PP-12403737). New proposal for the redevelopment of Neasden Goods Depot, including construction of new residential, student accommodation and commercial space.[413]
Borough Triangle Tower 2 149 / 489 42 2022 Application 22/AP/3149. Proposal for one of four towers with the tallest two over 100m.[419]
Neasden Goods Yard Tower 3 (Plot A2) 148 / 485* 42 2023 Application 23/3462 (PP-12403737). New proposal for the redevelopment of Neasden Goods Depot, including construction of new residential, student accommodation and commercial space.[413]
85 Gracechurch Street 138 / 452 32 2022 Application 22/01155/FULEIA. Proposal for a 32-storey office tower in the City of London.[420]
82 West India Road 136 / 446 39 2016 [421] Residential tower.
East Village E20 Tower 1 135 / 443 36
East Village E20 Tower 2 135 / 443 36
Neasden Goods Yard Tower 4 (Plot A3) 130 / 426* 39 2023 Application 23/3462 (PP-12403737). New proposal for the redevelopment of Neasden Goods Depot, including construction of new residential, student accommodation and commercial space.[413]
1 Selsdon Way 123 / 403 38 2023 Scoping Application PA/23/00952/NC. Proposal for a new residential tower on the Isle of Dogs.
Mondial House 120 / 393* 35 2016 [422] 102 George Street, Croydon. Recommended for approval.[423] Replaces original proposal of 40 storeys.
One Lansdowne Road Tower 2 120 / 393* 34 2024 Application 23/02689/FUL. Proposal for two residential towers in Croydon.[415] Previous application was withdrawn by the developer in 2022.[416]
Neasden Goods Yard Tower 5 (Plot S2) 118 / 388 33 2023 Application 23/3462 (PP-12403737). New proposal for the redevelopment of Neasden Goods Depot, including construction of new residential, student accommodation and commercial space.[413]
Houndsditch Street 117 / 384 23 2021 Application submitted.[424]
One South Quay 116 / 350* 35 2020 Application PA/20/02649. Proposal for a mixed used development containing serviced apartments and a hotel.[425]
The Culinary Quarter Tower 1 110 / 361* 35 2016 2 Portal Way, Acton. Tallest of two towers proposed. Application 165950EIA.[426]
North Quay Tower 4 107 / 351 30 2017 Application PA/17/01193/A1. New proposal for approved North Quay development in Canary Wharf.
16–19 Hatfields/1-5 Paris Garden 110 / 361 24 2017 [427]
East Village E20 Tower 4 103 / 338 29 [citation needed]

* Approximate figure.

Cancelled constructions

This lists proposals for the construction of buildings in London that were planned to rise at least 328 feet (100 m), for which planning permission was rejected or which were otherwise withdrawn.

Name Height
m / ft 		Floors* Year' Notes
London Millennium Tower 386 92 1996 [428]
London Bridge Tower (Old Design) 366 87 2000 [429]
The Spark Plug (Battersea Eco-tower) 300 40 2008 [430][431]
The Tulip 290 / 951 12 2025 Observation tower in the City of London. Approved 2 April 2019; then refused planning permission by Sadiq Khan on 15 July 2019.[432]
Minerva Building 246 53 2002
Columbus Tower (London) 237 65 2003 Proposal replaced by Hertsmere House
Elephant & Castle, Tower 1 228 55 2001 [433]
One Lansdowne Road Tower 1 227 / 744 69 2016 [434][435] Approved 2012. Received funding in November 2015.[436] New plans submitted 2016,[437] Application withdrawn November 2022.[416] Site was sold to a new developer in January 2023, and a new mixed-use development proposed in July 2023.[415]
6–8 & 22–24 Bishopsgate Redevelopment (Original Design) 216 50 2002 [438]
New London Bridge House Redevelopment 211 50 2004 [439]
Stratford City Tower 210 50 [440]
Citypoint (Santiago Calatrava) 203 27 1997 [441]
Ropemaker Place Tower 200 38 2001 [442]
Elephant & Castle, Tower 2 182 35 2001 [443]
King's Cross Towers 1 & 2 180 44 1987 [444][445]
Ruskin Square Building 159 / 522 26 [446] Aka Croydon Gateway.
The Blade, Paddington 150 44 [447][448]
Skylines Village Block B1 148 / 486 45 2012 Application 7 March 2012. Rejected 2013[449]
20 Blackfriars Road tower 1 148 / 486 43 2016 Residential tower, replaced by 18 Blackfriars Road scheme[450]
Ram Brewery Tower 1, Wandsworth 145 / 476 42 2008 [451][452] Rejected
The Leaf Block F, Ealing 138 49 [453]
Victoria Interchange Buildings 2 & 7 134 42 [454][455]
Croydon Vocational Tower 134 / 440 29 [456]
70–100 City Road Block A 131 / 430 39 2008 [457]
One Lansdowne Road Tower 2 129 / 423 39 2016 [434][435] Approved 2012. Received funding in November 2015.[436] New plans submitted 2016,[437] rejected in 2016.[458] Application withdrawn November 2022.[416] Site was sold to a new developer in January 2023, and a new mixed-use development proposed in July 2023.[415]
Clapham Junction Towers 1 & 2 127 / 417 40 2008 [459][460]
Bishops Place Building 1 126 / 414 32 2006 [123][461]
31 London Street 125 / 410 35 2015 [462][463] The 'Paddington Pole'. Height was reduced from 254 m (833 ft). Replaced by a new design.
Chiswick Curve 120 / 394 32 2015 [464] Rejected January 2017.[465] Application submitted. Replaced two cancelled schemes – Octopus & Gateway Tower.
Meridian Tower, Greenwich 118 / 387 32 Greenwich Peninsula[466]
St. John's Tower, Stratford 116 / 381 30 [467]
1 Crown Place, Hackney 114 / 365 24 2009 [468] Application withdrawn
Brickfields Tower 108 / 355 30 2013 Planned for White City.[469] Cancelled after Imperial College purchased site.[470]
Walbrook Square Building 1 107 / 351 22 2006 [471] Redesigned
20 Blackfriars Road tower 2 105 / 344 23 2016 Office tower, replaced by 18 Blackfriars Road scheme[450]
Trinity Building 3 100 / 328 25 2008 [472] Existing building to be refurbished
4–5 South Quay Square 100 / 328 30 2006 [473] Application withdrawn

Demolished buildings

This lists all demolished buildings in London that stood at least 328 feet (100 m) tall.

Name Image Height
m / ft 		Floors Year built Year demolished Notes
Drapers' Gardens 100 / 328 30 1967 2007 Designed by Richard Seifert, replaced by building 74 metres (243 ft) tall.[474]
Southwark Towers 100 / 328 25 1976 2009 Replaced by The Shard.

Visions of skyscrapers

Name Height
metres 		Floors Year Notes
Mile High Eco Tower 1500 500 2007 [475][476]
European Trade Centre Tower 1 500 111 2019
Citygate Ecotower 485 108 2002 [477]
Mallory Clifford Project 470 100 1998 [478] Aka Southwark Tower
Green Bird 442 83 1990 [479]
Wembley Park Tower 353 1890 [480]
Aldegate Tower 325 85 1989 [481]
Glass Tower 304 80 1852 [482]
Oakwood Tower 300 80 2016 [483] Made of wood, designed by PLP Architecture and Cambridge University for the City of London.
Vortex Tower 300 70 2004 [484]
The Three Spires 253 64 2009 [485] Three towers, the tallest of which was 253 m (830 ft)
Credit Suisse First Boston Building 250 50 1989 [486]
Glengall View Place 230 54 2006 [487][488] Greenwich View Place
European Trade Centre Tower 2 230 53 2019
European Trade Centre Tower 3 230 53 2019
European Trade Centre Tower 4 230 53 2019
European Trade Centre Tower 5 230 53 2019
Cricklewood Tower 216 47 [489][490]
80 & 88–104 Bishopsgate Redevelopment 214 50 [491]
Folgate Street (Project Cosmos) 50 [492]
Skyhouse 168 50 [493][494] Originally 305m
Royal Courts of Justice 165* 1865 [495]
Corporation of London Tower 150* 1944

* Estimated height.

Timeline of tallest buildings and structures

The White Tower stood as the tallest structure in London from 1098 until 1310.

This lists free-standing structures that have at some point held the title of tallest structure in London.

Name Image Location Years as tallest Height
m / ft 		Floors Reference
White Tower Tower Hill 1098–1310 (212 years) 01.027 / 90 03.0N/A [496]
Old St Paul's Cathedral[A] City of London 1310–1666 (356 years) 07.0150 / 493[B] 08.0N/A [497]
Southwark Cathedral Southwark 1666–1677 (11 years) 02.050 / 163 04.0N/A [498]
Monument to the Great Fire of London City of London 1677–1683 (6 years) 03.062 / 202 05.0N/A [499]
St Mary-le-Bow City of London 1683–1710 (27 years) 04.072 / 236 06.0N/A [500]
St Paul's Cathedral City of London 1710–1939 (229 years) 05.0111 / 365 07.0N/A [265]
Battersea Power Station[C] Battersea 1939–1950 (11 years) 06.0113 / 370 01.010 [259]
Crystal Palace transmitting station[D] Crystal Palace Park 1950–1991 (41 years) 08.0219 / 720 09.0N/A [81]
One Canada Square Canary Wharf 1991–2012 (21 years) 09.0236 / 771 02.050 [501]
The Shard Southwark 2012–present (12 years) 310 / 1016 87 [502]

Skylines

  • The City of London skyline as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The tallest building shown here is 22 Bishopsgate at 278m, which topped out in 2019. Since its construction The Gherkin is no longer visible from this angle. There are currently four towers in this cluster that are above 200m tall with three more approved to be constructed, 1 Undershaft at 290m tall, 55 Bishopsgate at 269m tall, and 100 Leadenhall at 249m tall, by 2026. Also shown in the far distance on the left is the emerging cluster in Stratford
    The City of London skyline as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The tallest building shown here is 22 Bishopsgate at 278m, which topped out in 2019. Since its construction The Gherkin is no longer visible from this angle. There are currently four towers in this cluster that are above 200m tall with three more approved to be constructed, 1 Undershaft at 290m tall, 55 Bishopsgate at 269m tall, and 100 Leadenhall at 249m tall, by 2026. Also shown in the far distance on the left is the emerging cluster in Stratford
  • The "northern cluster" of the City of London. Some of the smaller skyscrapers shown here include: the Barbican Estate, Finsbury Tower, The Heron, Citypoint, One Crown Place The Stage, Principal Tower and the Broadgate Tower. Also shown in the distance on the far left are 250 City Road and Lexicon Tower in the London Borough of Islington. Also approved for this cluster is the 154m tall 2–3 Finsbury Avenue and the 156m tall 13–14 Appold Street
    The "northern cluster" of the City of London. Some of the smaller skyscrapers shown here include: the Barbican Estate, Finsbury Tower, The Heron, Citypoint, One Crown Place The Stage, Principal Tower and the Broadgate Tower. Also shown in the distance on the far left are 250 City Road and Lexicon Tower in the London Borough of Islington. Also approved for this cluster is the 154m tall 2–3 Finsbury Avenue and the 156m tall 13–14 Appold Street
  • The Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs business district as viewed from Blythe Hill Fields, London Borough of Lewisham, May 2021. The tallest building in this cluster is One Canada Square with the pyramid-shaped roof which was completed in 1991 and stands at 235m. There are seven towers in this cluster that are at least 200m tall with more planned and under construction. However, due to the proximity of London City Airport it is unlikely that any will exceed the height of One Canada Square
    The Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs business district as viewed from Blythe Hill Fields, London Borough of Lewisham, May 2021. The tallest building in this cluster is One Canada Square with the pyramid-shaped roof which was completed in 1991 and stands at 235m. There are seven towers in this cluster that are at least 200m tall with more planned and under construction. However, due to the proximity of London City Airport it is unlikely that any will exceed the height of One Canada Square
  • The Shard, completed in 2012 at London Bridge, is London's tallest building at 309.6m. Shown here in December 2019 with Guy's Hospital to the right
    The Shard, completed in 2012 at London Bridge, is London's tallest building at 309.6m. Shown here in December 2019 with Guy's Hospital to the right
  • The emerging South Bank cluster as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The two tallest towers here are One Blackfriars which was completed in 2018 at 163m and the South Bank Tower that was originally constructed in 1972 at 111m but was given an 11-storey height increase in 2017 to bring it up to 150m. There are several more towers planned for this cluster ranging from between 100m and 178.5m tall. There is also an emerging cluster at Elephant and Castle shown on the far left which includes notably, Strata SE1 and another emerging cluster in the distance on the right at Vauxhall/Nine Elms
    The emerging South Bank cluster as viewed from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. The two tallest towers here are One Blackfriars which was completed in 2018 at 163m and the South Bank Tower that was originally constructed in 1972 at 111m but was given an 11-storey height increase in 2017 to bring it up to 150m. There are several more towers planned for this cluster ranging from between 100m and 178.5m tall. There is also an emerging cluster at Elephant and Castle shown on the far left which includes notably, Strata SE1 and another emerging cluster in the distance on the right at Vauxhall/Nine Elms
  • The emerging cluster at Vauxhall and Nine Elms, February 2023. There are currently five towers in this cluster that are between 160m and 200m tall: One Nine Elms City Tower (200m), St George Wharf Tower (181m), One Thames City No. 8 (177m), Aykon London One (168m) and One Nine Elms River Tower (161m). Within five years there will be seven towers in this cluster with heights between 160m and 200m
    The emerging cluster at Vauxhall and Nine Elms, February 2023. There are currently five towers in this cluster that are between 160m and 200m tall: One Nine Elms City Tower (200m), St George Wharf Tower (181m), One Thames City No. 8 (177m), Aykon London One (168m) and One Nine Elms River Tower (161m). Within five years there will be seven towers in this cluster with heights between 160m and 200m
  • Looking towards the West End from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. Shown here from left to right are the London Hilton, completed in 1963, Centre Point, completed in 1966, the BT Tower, completed in 1964 and Euston Tower, completed in 1970. These are all considered among the first "skyscrapers" in London. Also seen in the far distance is the 184m tall One West Point Tower 1 in North Acton which was completed in 2022 and where there will be an emerging cluster in the years to come
    Looking towards the West End from St Paul's Cathedral, October 2022. Shown here from left to right are the London Hilton, completed in 1963, Centre Point, completed in 1966, the BT Tower, completed in 1964 and Euston Tower, completed in 1970. These are all considered among the first "skyscrapers" in London. Also seen in the far distance is the 184m tall One West Point Tower 1 in North Acton which was completed in 2022 and where there will be an emerging cluster in the years to come
  • The emerging cluster in Croydon town centre which includes Saffron Square (134m), Queen's Quarter building 1 (114m) and 101 George Street (135.6m). Under construction is the now complete College Road Tower (150m)
    The emerging cluster in Croydon town centre which includes Saffron Square (134m), Queen's Quarter building 1 (114m) and 101 George Street (135.6m). Under construction is the now complete College Road Tower (150m)
  • The emerging cluster in Lewisham also known as Lewisham Gateway, and first Borough of Sanctuary,[503] which includes 209 Connington Road Tower at 117m tall which is the white building in the centre and Lewisham Exchange at 105m tall to the left of it. All of the high-rises shown in this picture are residential with the exception of the grey building shown in the immediate right foreground which was formerly the London offices of Citigroup until they relocated to 25 Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 2001
    The emerging cluster in Lewisham also known as Lewisham Gateway, and first Borough of Sanctuary,[503] which includes 209 Connington Road Tower at 117m tall which is the white building in the centre and Lewisham Exchange at 105m tall to the left of it. All of the high-rises shown in this picture are residential with the exception of the grey building shown in the immediate right foreground which was formerly the London offices of Citigroup until they relocated to 25 Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 2001
  • The emerging cluster in Stratford in April 2023 as viewed from Greenwich Peninsula. Stratford has been undergoing regeneration, associated with the 2012 Summer Olympics, which largely took place in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to the west of the cluster. Seen on the left is 150 High Street at a height of 135m. The tallest building in the cluster, Manhattan Loft Gardens at 143m, is seen at the back.
    The emerging cluster in Stratford in April 2023 as viewed from Greenwich Peninsula. Stratford has been undergoing regeneration, associated with the 2012 Summer Olympics, which largely took place in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to the west of the cluster. Seen on the left is 150 High Street at a height of 135m. The tallest building in the cluster, Manhattan Loft Gardens at 143m, is seen at the back.

See also

Notes

Footnotes

A.^ This structure was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666, allowing a shorter structure to become the tallest in the city.[504]
B.^ The exact height of the Old St. Paul's Cathedral remains unknown. Heights ranging between 140 metres (460 ft) and 150 metres (490 ft) have all been reported.[504] The spire was destroyed by fire in 1561.
C.^ If counting the tallest habitable floors in buildings, then the record would be held between 1961 and 1962 by the Shell Centre, at 107 metres (351 ft) and having 26 floors; and before it by the Victoria Tower at 98.5 metres (323 ft), completed in 1858 and having 14 floors.[505][506]
D.^ If the Crystal Palace Transmitter is excluded as a "building", then the record was held by the "Post Office Tower" (later The British Telecom Tower) from 1962 to 1980, at a height excluding antenna of 177 metres (581 ft) and containing 34 floors, and from 1980 to 1991 by Tower 42 at 183 metres (600 ft).

Citations

  1. ^ "London – The Skyscraper Centre". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Sadiq Khan backs two new City of London skyscrapers". BBC News Online. 13 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  3. ^ Santos, Cory (6 November 2013). "When Lincoln Cathedral was the tallest building in the world". thelincolnite.co.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  4. ^ a b Newton, Eric (2011). Lands End to John O'groats with a Bus Pass and a Dog. AuthorHouse. p. 111. ISBN 9781456796761.
  5. ^ Smil, Vaclav (2019). Growth: From Microorganisms to Megacities. MIT Press. p. 241. ISBN 9780262042833.
  6. ^ a b Jepson, Tim; Porges, Larry (2014). National Geographic London Book of Lists: The City's Best, Worst, Oldest, Greatest, and Quirkiest. Simon & Schuster. p. (no page numbers). ISBN 9781426213854.
  7. ^ Berman, Joel (2018). So You Want to Be a Wine Merchant?. Wheatmark Inc. p. 82. ISBN 9781627875875.
  8. ^ Howard, Bradley (2014). The Cycle Touring Diaries - Diary 2: The European Extravaganza. Lulu.com. p. (no page numbers). ISBN 9781291686807.[self-published source]
  9. ^ Ainsworth, William Harrison (1857). Old Saint Paul's. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 376–390.
  10. ^ Long, David (2013). Bizarre London: Discover the Capital's Secrets & Surprises. Hachette UK. p. (no page numbers). ISBN 9781472109330.
  11. ^ Cumming, Ed (22 February 2013). "Building boom: the London developments revamping the skyline". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  12. ^ Pipe, Vicki (25 September 2015). "Video: The Sightlines Of St Paul's". Londonist. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  13. ^ a b Bell, Sarah Jayne (8 December 2015). "Why Are London's Buildings Growing Taller? We Ask A Structural Engineer". Londonist. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  14. ^ Neale, Ben (13 December 2011). "London Skyscrapers – A Brief History". Find a London Office. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  15. ^ a b c d Sfetcu, Nicolae. London: Business, Travel, Culture – Pocket Edition. p. 46. ISBN 9781312860223.
  16. ^ "All about Millbank Tower". atmospherevenues.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  17. ^ Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter. Vol. 34–35. Society for Industrial Archeology. 2005. p. 17. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  18. ^ Clarke, Bob (2005). Four minute warning: Britain's Cold War. Tempus. p. 205. ISBN 9780752433943.
  19. ^ Time Out London Guide. London: Penguin Books. 1995. p. 61. ISBN 9780140248739.
  20. ^ Binder, Georges (2006). "Introduction". Tall Buildings of Europe, Middle East & Africa. Images Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 9781876907815.
  21. ^ "The Empress State Building". designbookmag.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  22. ^ a b Meel, Juriaan van (2000). The European Office: Office Design and National Context. p. 31. ISBN 9789064503825.
  23. ^ Wiggins, Kaye (4 September 2013). "Squire's Shell Centre revamp called in". architectsjournal.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  24. ^ Binder, Georges (2006). "Introduction". Tall Buildings of Europe, Middle East & Africa. Images Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 9781876907815.
  25. ^ "50 Years and counting: Hilton Park Lane celebrates its first half century!". hospitalityandcateringnews.com. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  26. ^ Waite, Richard (23 November 2012). "Finally revealed: Chipperfield's plans for Portland House". architectsjournal.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  27. ^ Rogers, Dave (18 June 2019). "British Land to refurbish Euston Tower rather than pull it down". building.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  28. ^ Stott, Rory (20 January 2015). "Avery Associates Reveals Design for 270-Metre Tower Next to London's Cheesegrater". ArchDaily. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  29. ^ a b Bamberg, James (2000). British Petroleum and Global Oil 1950–1975: The Challenge of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 9780521785150.
  30. ^ a b "Offices of British Petroleum (BP), Britannic House, London Wall, City of London: the main entrance". architecture.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  31. ^ a b Dent, Peter; Patrick, Michael (2012). Real Estate: Property Markets and Sustainable Behaviour. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 9780415591430.
  32. ^ Bryant-Mole, Bart (12 July 2016). "AD Classics: The Barbican Estate / Chamberlin, Powell and Bon Architects". archdaily.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  33. ^ McCafferty, Jo; Levitt, David (2018). The Housing Design Handbook: A Guide to Good Practic. Routledge. ISBN 9781351338103. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  34. ^ Ash, Russell (1991). Top Ten of Everything 1990. Little, Brown Book Group Limited. ISBN 9780356159836. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  35. ^ a b c d Jones, Colin (2013). Office Markets and Public Policy. John Wiley & Sons. p. (no page numbers). ISBN 9781118554333.
  36. ^ Rentoul, John (3 August 2019). "Beyond Brexit, does Boris Johnson's cycling legacy show a PM who could actually achieve something?". The Independent. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  37. ^ Weaver, Matthew (19 February 2008). "Livingstone's towering legacy". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  38. ^ Hatherley, Owen (24 July 2019). "Livingstone's London by Ken Livingstone review – what contribution did he make?". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  39. ^ Al-Kodmany, K (2018). The Vertical City: A Sustainable Development Model. WIT Press. p. 25. ISBN 9781784662578.
  40. ^ Hamnett, Chris (2004). Unequal City: London in the Global Arena. Routledge. p. 221. ISBN 9781134371396.
  41. ^ a b c d e Clark, Greg (2014). The Making of a World City: London 1991 to 2021. John Wiley & Sons. p. 90. ISBN 9781118609729.
  42. ^ Al-Kodmany, K (2018). The Vertical City: A Sustainable Development Model. WIT Press. p. 286. ISBN 9781784662578.
  43. ^ Dijkman, Marinus (2007). Europe Real Estate Yearbook 2007. Real Estate Publishers BV. p. 48. ISBN 9789077997116.
  44. ^ Dijkman, Marinus (2007). Europe Real Estate Yearbook 2007. Real Estate Publishers BV. p. 204. ISBN 9789077997116.
  45. ^ "Winning Design". Emporis Awards. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  46. ^ "Winner 2004". Architecture.com. Winter 2004. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  47. ^ Moore, Rowan (10 April 2016). "Boris Johnson's dire legacy for London". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  48. ^ Dunton, Jim (15 May 2015). "Boris rejects Assembly calls for more scrutiny over tall buildings". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  49. ^ Ponsford, Matthew (3 September 2019). "Boris Johnson's complicated design legacy in London". CNN Style. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  50. ^ a b Jonathan Glancey (18 July 2010). "Spin city: London's Strata tower". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  51. ^ "23 facts about the Shard". TheGuardian.com. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  52. ^ Booth, Robert (13 August 2014). "Inside the Cheesegrater – London's latest skyscraper". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  53. ^ "Out of reach – South Bank Tower retrofit". Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. September 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  54. ^ Hopkirk, Elizabeth (18 July 2017). "Wilkinson Eyre set to bag planning for Blackfriars Bridge tower – again". bdonline.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  55. ^ White, Anna (19 November 2016). "One Blackfriars: an exclusive look inside the Vase, London's newest skyscraper". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  56. ^ a b Kollewe, Julia (5 March 2019). "High times: 76 tall buildings to join London's skyline in 2019". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  57. ^ Derrick, Florence (13 November 2018). "Canary Wharf tops out the UK's tallest residential skyscraper, Newfoundland, available to rent in 2020". Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  58. ^ Champ, Hamish (14 June 2019). "Squire's Landmark Pinnacle tops out". bdonline.co.uk/. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  59. ^ Brooke, Mike (30 July 2019). "London's newest skyscraper tops out at 57 storeys to join Canary Wharf's 'forest of towers'". Docklands & East London Advertiser. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  60. ^ Lewis, Deborah (7 August 2019). "Canary Wharf Group's most popular development tops out at 215 metres". Property Investor Today. Retrieved 31 January 2020. Most news sources have incorrect height of 215m for One Park Drive
  61. ^ "Berkeley Group tops out its tallest building to date". Prime Resi (Journal of Luxury Property). 13 September 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  62. ^ Waite, Richard (14 May 2019). "Tallest City tower tops out: PLP's 22 Bishopsgate hits highest point". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  63. ^ Daniel, Alex (25 November 2019). "Trellis tower: London's second-tallest skyscraper gets green light after planning battle". City A.M. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  64. ^ Megson, Kim (9 December 2015). "One Undershaft: City of London's tallest skyscraper will offer free public access to capital's skyline". attractionsmanagement.com. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  65. ^ "City of London 'Cheesegrater 2' skyscraper approved". BBC News Online. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  66. ^ Burgess, Kaya (12 February 2018). "New skyscrapers built with just one escape stairway". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  67. ^ "Work Resumes On Canary Wharf's Tallest Building". Londonist. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  68. ^ "JP Morgan to move into Lehman London headquarters". BBC News Online. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  69. ^ a b "JRL begins foundations work for London Docklands towers". The Construction Index. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  70. ^ "Mace lands £480m towers at Nine Elms Square". theconstructionindex.co.uk/. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  71. ^ "Pair of London skyscrapers by Zaha Hadid Architects split opinion". Dezeen. 19 January 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  72. ^ Booth, Robert; Bengtsson, Helena (24 May 2016). "The London skyscraper that is a stark symbol of the housing crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  73. ^ "The Nine Towers Of Nine Elms". Londonist. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  74. ^ "Tulip tower: Mayor rejects plans for London skyscraper". BBC News Online. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  75. ^ Carrick, Angharad (30 January 2020). "Tulip Tower could still go ahead as appeal process begins". City A.M. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  76. ^ Hammond, George (11 November 2021). "UK rejects plans to build Tulip tower in the City of London". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  77. ^ "The Shard". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  78. ^ "The Pride". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  79. ^ New vision for city pride site (4 July 2008). "New vision for city pride site". Wharf. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  80. ^ Armstrong, Ashley (5 November 2014). "Steel bolts break on Cheesegrater skyscraper, reveals British Land". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  81. ^ a b "Crystal Palace Transmitter". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  82. ^ Morby, Aaron. "HK developer resubmits 65-storey Docklands tower". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  83. ^ Wilkinson, Rory. "ar East Consortium's landmark Canary Wharf development reaches milestone". ShowHouse. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  84. ^ a b "South Quay Plaza". skyscrapernews.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  85. ^ a b c Virtue, Rob (15 January 2015). "Skyscrapers approved for the Isle of Dogs meaning 1,644 more homes coming to South Quay". Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  86. ^ Wellman, Paul. "Huge Isle of Dogs towers get under way". estatesgazette.com. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  87. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "South Quay Plaza Tower 1, London | 1219117 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  88. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "One Park Drive, London | 1247041 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  89. ^ "Herzog & de Meuron's Canary Wharf skyscraper approved". 28 July 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  90. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Mace tipped for Mitsubishi London skyscraper | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  91. ^ "Work starts on WilkinsonEyre's Bishopsgate tower". 22 March 2019.
  92. ^ "8 Bishopsgate - Topped out". Buildington. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  93. ^ "8 Canada Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  94. ^ "8 Canada Square". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  95. ^ "25 Canada Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  96. ^ "25 Canada Square". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  97. ^ Thomas-Alexander, Tiya (26 January 2022). "Canary Wharf tower to get '£100m' refurb". Construction News. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  98. ^ a b Rogers, Dave (11 February 2022). "Multiplex not planning to fully restart One Nine elms job stalled by pay dispute until May". Building. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  99. ^ "City Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  100. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Berkeley Homes plans second London Docklands tower | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  101. ^ "52–54 Lime Street". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  102. ^ "City planners approve 38-storey London 'scalpel'". 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  103. ^ "Arrowhead Quay Tower 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  104. ^ a b "Foundations go in for west London tower blocks". Construction index. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  105. ^ "Tower 42". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  106. ^ "Tower 42". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  107. ^ "Make and LBS get the green light for Meridian Gate tower scheme". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  108. ^ "Amory Tower". Make Architects. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  109. ^ "St George Wharf Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  110. ^ "St George Wharf Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  111. ^ "30 St Mary Axe". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  112. ^ "30 St Mary Axe". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  113. ^ "BT Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  114. ^ "BT Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  115. ^ Toth, Albert. "BT Tower: History of the London landmark as it is sold for £275m". The Independent. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  116. ^ a b c "New Covent Garden Market, Nine Elms Lane, SW8" (PDF). Greater London Authority. p. 5. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  117. ^ "One Thames City Tower 'topped out' at 53 Storys in Nine Elms". ninelems.com. 17 December 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  118. ^ "100 Bishopsgate – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  119. ^ "1 Blackfriars Road". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  120. ^ "Broadgate Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  121. ^ "Broadgate Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  122. ^ "Principal Place". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  123. ^ a b "Bishops Place Building 3". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  124. ^ "River Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  125. ^ "225 Marsh Wall – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  126. ^ Ing, Wu (25 July 2022). "Scott Brownrigg changes to Make-designed tower rejected". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  127. ^ Dunton, Jim. "Developer cleared to extend Make-designed skyscraper to 56 storeys". Building. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  128. ^ "One Churchill Place". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  129. ^ "One Churchill Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  130. ^ "Johnson approves 995-home Islington scheme". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  131. ^ "40 Leadenhall Street – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com.
  132. ^ WILSON, ROBYN (21 October 2015). "Henderson 40 Leadenhall Street Gotham City 1 Mace wins £400m 40 Leadenhall 'Gotham City' project". Construction News.
  133. ^ "£400m London 'Gotham City' scheme approved". Construction Enquirer. 25 February 2014.
  134. ^ "25 Bank Street". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  135. ^ "25 Bank Street". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  136. ^ "40 Bank Street". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  137. ^ "40 Bank Street". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  138. ^ "Croydon Transmitter". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  139. ^ "Croydon TV Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  140. ^ "10 Upper Bank Street". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  141. ^ "10 Upper Bank Street". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  142. ^ "King's Reach Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  143. ^ "Kings Reach Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  144. ^ "South Bank Tower reaches the top". Mace. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  145. ^ Withers, Iain. "Mace's South Bank Tower completes". Building. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  146. ^ "10 Park Drive (A3)". Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  147. ^ O'Conner, Tara (5 November 2022). "Final piece of Croydon's tallest building slotted into place". Your Local Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  148. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Croydon College Vocational Tower, London | 1238019 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  149. ^ "Baltimore Wharf Building 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  150. ^ "Baltimore Wharf Building 1". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
  151. ^ "Baltimore Wharf". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  152. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Baltimore Tower, London | 188478 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  153. ^ "360-London". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  154. ^ "360-London". skyscrapernews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  155. ^ "80 Newington Butts – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  156. ^ "Pan Peninsula East Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  157. ^ "Pan Peninsula Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  158. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "One Bank Street, London | 1237708 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  159. ^ "Strata". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  160. ^ "Strata". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  161. ^ "Strata". The Guardian. 12 August 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  162. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Maine Tower, London | 1283019 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  163. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Galliard unveils £550m Canary Wharf resi scheme | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  164. ^ "Manhattan Loft Gardens". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  165. ^ "Guy's Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  166. ^ "Guy's Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  167. ^ "Imperial West Tower – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  168. ^ "Imperial West Residential Building". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  169. ^ "Providence Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  170. ^ "Quebec Building". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  171. ^ "SSC London on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  172. ^ O'Connor, Tara (4 November 2019). "Final piece of the world's tallest modular building has been installed in Croydon". Sutton & Croydon Guardian. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  173. ^ Lane, Thomas (23 September 2019). "The sky's the limit: See the world's tallest modular tower in Croydon". building.co.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  174. ^ "BA London Eye". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  175. ^ "London Eye". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  176. ^ "Saffron Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  177. ^ "Saffron Square – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  178. ^ "Eileen House". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  179. ^ "Eileen House". London SE1. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  180. ^ "Eileen House". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  181. ^ "150 High Street Stratford". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  182. ^ "Wembley Stadium". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  183. ^ "Wembley Stadium". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  184. ^ "25 Churchill Place". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  185. ^ "25 Churchill Place". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  186. ^ "40 Marsh Wall". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  187. ^ "Veolia powers tallest tower hotel in the UK". Veolia UK. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  188. ^ "Keybridge Lofts". Emporis. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  189. ^ "Living the 'High Life' in London". mansionglobal.com. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  190. ^ Lynch, Russell (23 June 2014). "Eyesore Keybridge House in Vauxhall could become luxury flats in £50m". Evening Standard. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  191. ^ "Keybridge Lofts". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  192. ^ "Wood Wharf E1/E2 – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  193. ^ a b Kollewe, Julia (22 July 2014). "Canary Wharf spreads east with new towers and 3,000 homes planned". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  194. ^ Spurr, Sean (22 January 2016). "Two Towers Gain Permission in Wood Wharf – The Pint of Milk Test". The Pint of Milk Test. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  195. ^ "GRID Architects | THE GRID BUILDING". GRID. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  196. ^ "10 George Street". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  197. ^ "Vauxhall Sainsbury's Tower". oval-news.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  198. ^ "Vauxhall Sainsbury's Tower G". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  199. ^ "Waterford Point". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  200. ^ "Gladwin Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  201. ^ "The Willis Building". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  202. ^ "The Willis Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  203. ^ "2 Harbour Central Block C". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  204. ^ "Harbour Central-Block C – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  205. ^ "No. 9 One Thames City". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  206. ^ "St. Mary's". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  207. ^ "One The Elephant". LondonSE1. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  208. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "One The Elephant, London | 1201039 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  209. ^ "Euston Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  210. ^ "Euston Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  211. ^ "Cromwell Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  212. ^ "Cromwell Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  213. ^ "Lauderdale Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  214. ^ "Lauderdale Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  215. ^ "Shakespeare Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  216. ^ "Shakespeare Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  217. ^ a b Trafford, Bob (9 July 2015). "Plans for two residential towers in Shoreditch get go-ahead". Hackney Citizen. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  218. ^ "Pan Peninsula West Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  219. ^ "Pan Peninsula West Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  220. ^ a b "Shell Centre". architectsjournal.co.uk. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  221. ^ a b "Challenge to £1.3bn Shell Centre redevelopment refused". BBC News. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  222. ^ "One Casson Square". Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  223. ^ "One & Thirty Casson Square reach 'topping out' at Southbank Place". Property Funds World. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  224. ^ "Broadway Chambers". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  225. ^ "Stratosphere Scheme Underway in London". ctbuh. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  226. ^ "Chelsea Waterfront". buildington.co.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  227. ^ "Consort Place, West Tower". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  228. ^ James, Kevin (9 May 2023). "Alta at Consort Place Canary Wharf". Latimer. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  229. ^ "Vauxhall Sky Gardens". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  230. ^ "Millbank Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  231. ^ "Millbank Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  232. ^ "Aviva Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  233. ^ "St. Helen's". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  234. ^ "Centre Point". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  235. ^ "Centre Point". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  236. ^ "Work begins on luxury flat conversion of London landmark Centre Point". The Guardian. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  237. ^ "Connington Road, Lewisham, SE13". buildington.co.uk. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  238. ^ "209 Connington Road". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  239. ^ "Connington Road Car Park, former Tesco's Car Park". london.gov.uk. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  240. ^ Bradley, Jodie. "Watkins Jones practically completes 184-bed BTR scheme in Lewisham". Development Finance Today. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  241. ^ "Empress State Building". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  242. ^ "Empress State Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  243. ^ "City Road Basin Site C". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  244. ^ "City Road Basin 1". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  245. ^ "City Road Basin". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  246. ^ "Mount Anvil tops out on record-breaking Lexicon scheme". 13 September 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  247. ^ "The Stage, Shoreditch". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  248. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "The Stage Shoreditch, London | 1211251 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  249. ^ Spurr, Sean (6 July 2015). "Two New Student Towers Proposed in Vauxhall – The Pint of Milk Test". estatesgazette.com. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  250. ^ "Rudolf Place". Emporis. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  251. ^ PBC. "Ropemaker development celebrates topping out with Skanska". PBC Today. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  252. ^ "ArcelorMittal Orbit". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  253. ^ WojciechZdroj (20 January 2017). "100s attend consultation over proposed Taberner House development". Croydon Advertiser. Retrieved 18 May 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
  254. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Taberner House Block A, London | 1250017 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  255. ^ Matthews, Tom (18 May 2017). "Croydon planners give go-ahead to 597 homes across the borough". Croydon Advertiser. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  256. ^ O'Connor, Tara (8 June 2021). "4 new towers and an 'amazing' playground are coming soon to Croydon's Queen's Quarter". My London. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  257. ^ "Insignia Point". Emporis. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  258. ^ "East Village Site N08 Tower 2 – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  259. ^ a b "Battersea Power Station". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  260. ^ "Battersea Power Station". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  261. ^ "The Heron". theheron.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  262. ^ "The Heron". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  263. ^ Robson, John (13 September 2023). "Morgan Sindall marks construction milestone at the top of Canning Town". BDaily. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  264. ^ "St. Paul's Cathedral". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  265. ^ a b "St. Paul's Cathedral". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  266. ^ "Dollar Bay Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  267. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Dollar Bay, London | 1198039 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  268. ^ "No.1 West India Quay". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  269. ^ "No.1 West India Quay". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  270. ^ "Shell Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  271. ^ "Upstream Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  272. ^ "Finsbury Tower Extension – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  273. ^ "33 Canada Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  274. ^ "33 Canada Square". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  275. ^ "2–12 High Street Stratford". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  276. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Sky View Tower, London | 1216803 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  277. ^ "Nido Spitalfields". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  278. ^ "Pioneer Point North". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  279. ^ "Pioneer Point, North Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  280. ^ "99 Bishopsgate". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  281. ^ "99 Bishopsgate". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  282. ^ "Ontario Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  283. ^ "Ontario Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  284. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Stratford Central, London | 1222856 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  285. ^ "Upper Riverside-Building 5 – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  286. ^ Thompson, Henrietta. "Greenwich Peninsula apartments: first look-Telegraph". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  287. ^ "No. 5 Upper Riverside". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  288. ^ "Victoria Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  289. ^ "Houses of Parliament". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  290. ^ "Hurlock Heights". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  291. ^ Reporters, LLM. "Berkeley unveils The Penthouse Collection at iconic new London landmark The Westmark". Lifestyle Luxury. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  292. ^ "Westmark Tower". skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  293. ^ "Portland House". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  294. ^ "Portland Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  295. ^ Waite, Richard (14 March 2023). "Buckley Gray Yeoman wins approval for latest Portland House plans". Architectural Journal. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  296. ^ "Skyline". Emporis. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  297. ^ "One Angel Court". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  298. ^ "Angel Court City tower complete". Premier Construction News. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  299. ^ "Stock Exchange Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  300. ^ "Stock Exchange Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  301. ^ "Urbanest King's Cross". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  302. ^ "Laurel Point". Emporis. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  303. ^ "Southbank Place-4 Casson Square – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  304. ^ "4 Casson Square". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  305. ^ a b c Ing, Will (23 February 2022). "GRID architects and Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) have been given full planning permission for three towers on the Isle of Dogs, east London". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  306. ^ "40 Charter Street". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  307. ^ a b "Vauxhall Square Tower 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  308. ^ a b "Vauxhall Square". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  309. ^ a b "Planning – Application Summary". Southwark London Borough Council. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  310. ^ a b "Bankside Yards, London, UK". PLP Architecture. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  311. ^ a b "Sampson House and Ludgate House". sampsonandludgatehouse.com. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  312. ^ "5 Skyscrapers Coming To The London Skyline Soon". tallbuildingsconference.co.uk. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  313. ^ a b "Ludgate House". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  314. ^ a b "Ludgate & Sampson House". building.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  315. ^ Dunton, Jim. "More major towers planned for London's South Bank". Building. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  316. ^ Prior, Grant. "Multiplex starts on 50-storey Thames tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  317. ^ "50 Charter Street Wood Wharf J3". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  318. ^ Dransfield, Louise. "Latest Square Mile tower could start 2018". Building. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  319. ^ Waite, Richard (25 January 2017). "City of London backs Make's 36-storey Leadenhall tower". Architects Journal. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  320. ^ Dave, Rogers. "British Land confirms McAlpine set to start on £500m City tower later this year". Building. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  321. ^ "Canada Water". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  322. ^ "Canada Water Building C4". se16.com. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  323. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Canada Water Building C4, London | 1217003 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  324. ^ a b c d e Morby, Aaron. "£500m Isle of Dogs high-rise resi scheme approved | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  325. ^ a b Prior, Grant. "Midgard to build £250m student towers". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  326. ^ a b "2 Trafalgar Way". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  327. ^ "The Mall | Build-To-Rent". Tide. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  328. ^ "Chapter London bridge". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  329. ^ Innes, Lois (16 May 2019). "KPF's replacement for Quill skyscraper in London Bridge approved". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  330. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Mace to start 39-storey London Bridge student tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  331. ^ a b "Elephant and Castle Town Centre Complex – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  332. ^ a b Rogers, Dave. "Allies and Morrison's £2bn Elephant & Castle shopping centre plan approved". Building Design. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  333. ^ "Millharbour West Building D". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  334. ^ a b Morby, Aaron. "Berkeley kicks off £1bn West Ham housing scheme". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  335. ^ "A new landmark for thriving White City in West London". The Straits Times. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  336. ^ "Millharbour Village Complex – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  337. ^ Williams, Richard. "Plans for City of London's tallest building submitted". propertyweek.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  338. ^ Treanor, Jill (28 November 2016). "London's 73-storey Trellis skyscraper gets green light". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  339. ^ "Revised Height Submitted for London Commerical High-Rise". CTBUH. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  340. ^ Prior, Grant. "Go-ahead for 63-storey Bishopsgate scheme". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  341. ^ "Planning – Application Summary (18/00152/FULEIA)". City of London.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2018. Demolition of the existing buildings and construction of a ground plus 56 storey building (263.4m AOD) for office use (Class B1) [102,043sq.m GEA], retail use (Class A1/A3/A4) [882sq.m GEA] at lower levels, a publicly accessible viewing gallery (Sui Generis) and after hours Restaurant/Bar (Sui Generis) [1,934sq.m GEA] at levels 55 and 56, new and improved Public Realm, ancillary basement cycle parking, servicing area and plant. [Total Scheme Area: 122,091sq.m GEA] ǀ 100, 106 & 107 Leadenhall Street London EC3A 3BP
  342. ^ "Canary Wharf RS1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  343. ^ "Riverside South (South Tower)". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  344. ^ "Hertsmere Tower". Evening Standard. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  345. ^ "HOK submits plans for western Europe's tallest flats". BD Online. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  346. ^ Brooke, Mike (29 February 2016). "790ft Hertsmere House approved at Canary Wharf where Columbia Tower failed". eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  347. ^ "Rise of the skyscraper: Why tall buildings must start scaling new heights". Construction News. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  348. ^ Nelson, Tim (20 November 2019). "Skyscrapers May Face a Turbulent Future—Here's Why". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  349. ^ Morby, Aaron. "56-storey Canary Wharf resi tower approved". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  350. ^ "Acton's Local Web site". actonw3.com. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  351. ^ a b "4 Portal Way, Acton W3 6RT". ealingmatters.org.uk/. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  352. ^ a b c Ing, Will (26 November 2021). "Pilbrow & Partners submits plans for Acton skyscrapers". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  353. ^ a b c Highfield, Anna (25 October 2023). "Pilbrow & Partners massive west London scheme for Imperial College approved". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  354. ^ "18 Blackfriars road". skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  355. ^ a b Waite, Richard (7 August 2023). "Foster + Partners submits plans for huge tower scheme at Blackfriars". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  356. ^ a b "20 Blackfriars Road Residential Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  357. ^ a b Hatts, James. "SE1's second tallest tower: 18 Blackfriars Road plans revealed". londonse1. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  358. ^ a b Grant, Barry. "Hines gets green light for 18 Blackfriars Road". Construction Index. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  359. ^ "Canary Wharf RS2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  360. ^ "Riverside South (North Tower)". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  361. ^ a b Ing, Will (14 April 2020). "ZHA wins appeal victory for controversial Vauxhall skyscrapers". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  362. ^ Cuffe, Grainne. "Ballymore withdraws planning application for 51-storey tower after LFB raises concerns". Inside Housing. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  363. ^ Ing, Will (31 March 2022). "Morris+Company and EPR win approvals for Canary Wharf skyscrapers". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  364. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "10 Bank Street, London | 1212703 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  365. ^ "Heron Quays West". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  366. ^ "Docklands planners approve modular tower for Marsh Wall cluster". Building. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  367. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "Appold Street Tower, London | 1265410 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  368. ^ Morby, Aaron. "45-floor London hotel and office tower approved | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  369. ^ Cruse, Ellena (1 October 2019). "Residents lobby City Hall to stop Bodgers 42-storey tower in Ilford". Ilford Recorder. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  370. ^ Cruse, Ellena (19 July 2019). "Redbridge Council gives decision on 42-storey building on Bodgers site". Ilford Recorder. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  371. ^ Lowe, Tom. "KPF's 35-storey Shoreditch tower approved". Building. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  372. ^ "18 Blackfriars Road Stamford Building". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  373. ^ "Work Begins On Merchant Square Tower – Article #3504". www.skyscrapernews.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  374. ^ White, Richard (15 May 2020). "Eric Parry gets go-ahead for contentious City of London tower". Architects Journal.
  375. ^ Dunton, Jim. "Rio Architects gets go-ahead for Docklands co-living tower". Building Design. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  376. ^ Ing, Will (17 June 2020). "Southwark approves yet another Old Kent Road tower". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  377. ^ Wilding, Mark. "Southwark approves 44-storey 1,300-home Old Kent Road scheme". Planning Resource. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  378. ^ a b Sheppard, Owen (14 July 2016). "Approval for 421 flats in 'Toblerone Towers' for Elephant and Castle, but zero 'on-site' affordable housing". southwarknews.co.uk. Southwark News. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  379. ^ "Doon Street Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  380. ^ "Stratford Centre Complex – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  381. ^ Morton, Sophie (4 February 2016). "Permission granted for Stratford Island development". Newham Recorder. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  382. ^ "54 Marsh Wall – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  383. ^ Wellman, Paul. "EGi – News Article – Marsh Wall tower approved". EGi. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  384. ^ Lowe, Tom. "Architect increases height of Paddington tower scheme previously refused for being too tall". Building. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  385. ^ Agaran, May. "GLA approves Berkeley's Paddington Green police station plans". React Skyscraper. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  386. ^ Rogers, Dave. "KPF's City tower gets green light from planners". Building Design. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  387. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Green light for City of London office tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  388. ^ "12–20 Wyvil Road – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  389. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "12–20 Wyvil Road, London | 1237168 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  390. ^ "37-floor London Nine Elms tower approved". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  391. ^ Fulcher, Merlin (21 September 2016). "Stiff + Trevillion reworks Vauxhall tower scheme". Architects Journal. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  392. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Vast plan to rebuild Barking shopping centre | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  393. ^ Murphy-Bates, Sebastian (17 January 2017). "Barking shopping centre's redevelopment approved as 1,000 jobs promised". Barking and Dagenham Post. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  394. ^ Patel, Bea (24 November 2023). "Amro and Flemyn secure planning for Botanical House BTR". BTR. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  395. ^ "Millharbour West Buildings B, C". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  396. ^ a b Prior, Grant. "Galliard Homes JV to build out 12-tower Greenwich site". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  397. ^ "Cherry Park Building A1". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  398. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Lendlease Stratford IQL blue towers approved". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  399. ^ "One Peninsula Square". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  400. ^ Smith, John (5 November 2022). "New student tower proposed next to o2 greenwich". FromTheMurkey. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  401. ^ Spocchia, Gino (6 March 2024). "LDS gets OK for rejigged 36-storey student tower next to O2". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  402. ^ Ing, Will (20 October 2022). "SimpsonHaugh's 'bulky' east London skyscrapers rejected". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  403. ^ Dunton, Jim. "SimpsonHaugh Docklands towers approved at appeal". Building Design. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  404. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Go-ahead for 27-storey tower next to Shard". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  405. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "201–207 Shoreditch High Street, London | 1274708 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  406. ^ Horti, Samuel (27 April 2016). "Mayor's office gives £500m West Ferry Printworks development the green light". Property Week. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  407. ^ Ducker, Steve. "Erith moves in to demolish London printworks – KHL Group". khl.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  408. ^ Building. "The Bellamy". Building. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  409. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Plans in for 'green' £320m London city tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  410. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Green light for 24-storey London city office tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  411. ^ Morby, Aaron. "Plan lodged for Square Mile's fifth tallest tower". Construction Enquirer. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  412. ^ a b "1 Park Place". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  413. ^ a b c d e Lowe, Tom. "Allies & Morrison submits plans for five-tower Brent scheme". Building Design. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  414. ^ "One East Point". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  415. ^ a b c d Spocchia, Gino (3 August 2023). "HTA Design unveils long-awaited Croydon tower scheme". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  416. ^ a b c d Croydon. "Council rejects 'world famous' One Lansdowne plans". Develop Croydon. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  417. ^ a b Wainwright, Oliver (3 August 2016). "London's Olympic legacy: a suburb on steroids, a cacophony of luxury stumps". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  418. ^ a b Richard, Waite (3 March 2017). "Major redesign for Olympicopolis to save St Paul's views". Architects Journal. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  419. ^ a b Ing, Will (13 October 2022). "Maccreanor Lavington submits plans for south London housing towers". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  420. ^ Ing, Will (10 August 2022). "Woods Bagot to submit plans for skyscraper by Leadenhall Market". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  421. ^ "82 West India Road – The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercentre.com. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  422. ^ GmbH, Emporis. "102 George Street, London | 1234447 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  423. ^ Team, Web. "Make an application". publicaccess.croydon.gov.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
  424. ^ Thomas-Alexander, Tiya (12 August 2021). "Plans submitted for £320m London skyscraper". Construction News.
  425. ^ "One South Quay". Skyscrapercenter. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  426. ^ "2 Portal Way". 2portalway-consultation.com. Retrieved 5 June 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
  427. ^ "24-storey tower proposed for Hatfields and Paris Garden". london-se1.co.uk. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  428. ^ "Taller Than The Shard: 6 Unbuilt Skyscrapers London Never Got". Londonist. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  429. ^ "London Bridge Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  430. ^ "The Spark Plug". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  431. ^ "Battersea Eco-Tower". WorldArchitectureNews. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  432. ^ "Mayor rejects 'unwelcoming, poorly designed' Tulip". The Architects' Journal. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  433. ^ "Elephant & Castle Main Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  434. ^ a b "Lansdowne Road Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  435. ^ a b "One Lansdowne Road". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  436. ^ a b Watts, Matt (23 November 2015). "£500m deal for Croydon skyscraper with Europe's highest bar". standard.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  437. ^ a b Morby, Aaron. "Chinese builder backs £500m Croydon skyscraper | Construction Enquirer". constructionenquirer.com. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  438. ^ "6–8 Bishopsgate". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  439. ^ "New London Bridge House Redevelopment". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  440. ^ "Stratford City Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  441. ^ "Citypoint". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  442. ^ "Ropemaker Place Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  443. ^ "Elephant & Castle Eco Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2005. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  444. ^ "King's Cross Twin Towers 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  445. ^ "King's Cross Twin Towers 2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  446. ^ "Ruskin Square Building BO1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  447. ^ "The Blade". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  448. ^ "Merchant Square (Residential Building)". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  449. ^ de Peyer, Robin. "Skylines Village development rejected by planning committee". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  450. ^ a b "20 Blackfriars – Southwark Tower, Building – e-architect". e-architect. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  451. ^ "Ram Brewery Tower 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  452. ^ "Ram Brewery Tower 1". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  453. ^ "The Leaf Block F". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  454. ^ "Victoria Interchange Building 2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  455. ^ "Victoria Interchange Building 7". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  456. ^ "Croydon Vocational Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  457. ^ "70–100 City Road Block A". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  458. ^ Booth, Samantha (17 June 2016). "Developers' 'shock' after council refuses twin-tower development". croydonadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 1 September 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  459. ^ "Clapham Junction Tower 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  460. ^ "Clapham Junction Tower 2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  461. ^ "Bishops Place Building 2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  462. ^ "Our proposal". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  463. ^ "Paddington Place: 'Skinny Shard' proposals submitted to Westminster council". 15 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  464. ^ Sleigh, Sophia (7 January 2016). "Fury over 'monstrous' giant tower to replace the London Octopus". Evening Standard. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  465. ^ Braidwood, Ella (13 January 2017). "Studio Egret West's Chiswick Curve refused planning". Architects Journal. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  466. ^ "Meridian Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  467. ^ "St. John's Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  468. ^ "1 Crown Place". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  469. ^ "Brickfields Tower". Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  470. ^ Withers, Iain. "Imperial moots joint venture for major scheme". Building. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  471. ^ "Walbrook Square Building 1". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  472. ^ "Trinity Building 3". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  473. ^ "4–5 South Quay Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  474. ^ "Drapers' Gardens, EC2 | Geotechnical and Environmental Associates". www.gea-ltd.co.uk. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  475. ^ "Mile High Eco Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  476. ^ "Mile High Eco Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  477. ^ "Citygate Ecotower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  478. ^ "Mallory Clifford Project". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  479. ^ "Green Bird". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  480. ^ "Wembley Park Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  481. ^ "Aldegate Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  482. ^ "Glass Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  483. ^ "PLP proposes London's first wooden skyscraper at Barbican". Dezeen. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  484. ^ "Vortex Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  485. ^ "The Three Houses". skyscrapernews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  486. ^ "Credit Suisse First Boston Building". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  487. ^ "Glengall View Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  488. ^ "Glengall View Place". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  489. ^ "Cricklewood Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  490. ^ "Cricklewood Tower". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  491. ^ "80 & 88–104 Bishopsgate Redevelopment". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  492. ^ "Folgate Street (Project Cosmos)". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  493. ^ "Skyhouse". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  494. ^ "Skyhouse". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  495. ^ "Royal Courts of Justice". SkyscraperNews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  496. ^ "The Tower of London". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  497. ^ "Old St. Paul's Cathedral". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  498. ^ "Southwark Cathedral". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  499. ^ "The Monument". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  500. ^ "Church of St. Mary-Le-Bow". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  501. ^ "Heron Tower". Member from SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  502. ^ "Shard Overtakes One Canada Square – Article #2711". Skyscrapernews.com. 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  503. ^ "A Borough of Sanctuary". lewisham.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  504. ^ a b "Old St. Paul's Cathedral". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  505. ^ House of Commons Information Office;The Palace of Westminster; Factsheet G11; General Series; Revised May 2009: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  506. ^ Jackson-Rowe case study: "Jackson Rowe - Dispute & Claims Solution, Commercial Management Solutions, Quantity Surveying Solutions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2009.

References

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall_buildings_in_London