Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells , and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells.[ 7]
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120337 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000066755 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Kwon B, Yu KY, Ni J, Yu GL, Jang IK, Kim YJ, Xing L, Liu D, Wang SX, Kwon BS (Mar 1999). "Identification of a novel activation-inducible protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and its ligand" . J Biol Chem . 274 (10): 6056–61. doi :10.1074/jbc.274.10.6056 PMID 10037686 . ^ Gurney AL, Marsters SA, Huang RM, Pitti RM, Mark DT, Baldwin DT, Gray AM, Dowd AD, Brush AD, Heldens AD, Schow AD, Goddard AD, Wood WI, Baker KP, Godowski PJ, Ashkenazi A (Apr 1999). "Identification of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family and its receptor, a human ortholog of mouse GITR" . Curr Biol . 9 (4): 215–8. Bibcode :1999CBio....9..215G . doi :10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80093-1 PMID 10074428 . S2CID 110695 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TNFSF18 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18" .
Further reading
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment" . Genome Res . 13 (10): 2265–70. doi :10.1101/gr.1293003 . PMC 403697 PMID 12975309 . Yu KY, Kim HS, Song SY, et al. (2003). "Identification of a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor constitutively expressed in dendritic cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 310 (2): 433–8. doi :10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.024 . PMID 14521928 . Kim BJ, Li Z, Fariss RN, et al. (2004). "Constitutive and cytokine-induced GITR ligand expression on human retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors" . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci . 45 (9): 3170–6. doi :10.1167/iovs.03-0919 PMID 15326137 . Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi :10.1101/gr.2596504 . PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 . Nardelli B, Zaritskaya L, McAuliffe W, et al. (2006). "Osteostat/tumor necrosis factor superfamily 18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and is selectively expressed by vascular endothelial cells" . Endocrinology . 147 (1): 70–8. doi :10.1210/en.2005-0518 PMID 16179414 . Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, et al. (2006). "Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL)" . Blood . 107 (9): 3617–23. doi :10.1182/blood-2005-08-3419 PMID 16397134 . Mahesh SP, Li Z, Liu B, et al. (2006). "Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines" . Eur. J. Immunol . 36 (8): 2128–38. doi :10.1002/eji.200635893 PMID 16874737 . Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Vestergaard C, Thestrup-Pedersen K, et al. (2006). "Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) in atopic dermatitis" . Acta Derm. Venereol . 86 (5): 393–8. doi :10.2340/00015555-0118 PMID 16955181 . Baltz KM, Krusch M, Bringmann A, et al. (2007). "Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein) ligand in humans: NK cell/tumor cell interactions" . FASEB J . 21 (10): 2442–54. doi :10.1096/fj.06-7724com PMID 17360848 . S2CID 6617086 . Tuyaerts S, Van Meirvenne S, Bonehill A, et al. (2007). "Expression of human GITRL on myeloid dendritic cells enhances their immunostimulatory function but does not abrogate the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells" . J. Leukoc. Biol . 82 (1): 93–105. doi :10.1189/jlb.0906568 PMID 17449724 . S2CID 19288807 . Bae EM, Kim WJ, Suk K, et al. (2007). "Reverse signaling initiated from GITRL induces NF-kappaB activation through ERK in the inflammatory activation of macrophages". Mol. Immunol . 45 (2): 523–33. doi :10.1016/j.molimm.2007.05.013 . PMID 17602748 . Kim YS, Jung HW, Choi J, et al. (2007). "Expression of AITR and AITR ligand in breast cancer patients" . Oncol. Rep . 18 (5): 1189–94. doi :10.3892/or.18.5.1189 PMID 17914571 .
Chemokine CSF
Interferon
IFNAR (α/β, I)
Agonists: Albinterferon Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α) Interferon alfa (IFNA1 , IFNA2 , IFNA4 , IFNA5 , IFNA6 , IFNA7 , IFNA8 , IFNA10 , IFNA13 , IFNA14 , IFNA16 , IFNA17 , IFNA21 )Interferon alfa 2a Interferon alfa 2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1 , IFNB3 )Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon alfa-2a Peginterferon alfa-2b IFNGR (γ, II) IFNLR (λ, III)
See IL-28R (IFNLR) here instead.
Interleukin TGFβ TNF Others
