FIM Sidecar World Championship

Category	Motorcycle racing
Country	International
Teams	17
Constructors	Kawasaki Yamaha Suzuki
Riders' champion	Todd Ellis Emmanuelle Clément
Makes' champion	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6
Current season

FIM Sidecar World Championship is the international sidecar racing championship. It is the only remaining original FIM road racing championship class that started in 1949.

It was formerly named Superside when the sidecars moved from being part of Grand Prix Motorcycles racing to being support events for the Superbike World Championship. In 2010 the FIM took over the management of the series from the Superside promoters, and the championship was called "FIM Sidecar World Championship". However, the FIM still uses the word Superside for promotion purposes, despite the demise of the Superside promoters.

The championship is raced over a number of rounds at circuits mainly in Europe, although other venues have been included in United States (Monterey), South Africa at Kyalami and Australia's Phillip Island.

When the sidecar world championships began in 1949, they were dominated by unambiguous, orthodox outfits where a sidecar was attached to a conventional solo motorcycle. Rigidity and strength were poorly understood and pre-war machines have been described as "scaffolding on wheels". Development was based around cutting weight, providing a flat platform for the passenger, and reducing drag around the sidecar wheel and at the front of the sidecar platform.^[1] When developments in dolphin and dustbin fairings on solo machines proved successful at reducing drag, it was natural to adapt similar streamlined enclosures for the sidecar outfits. A pioneer in this area was Eric Oliver who worked with the Watsonian company on the development of successive experimental racing outfits including such innovations as the use of 16 in (410 mm) diameter wheels.^[1]

By 1953, motorcycle frames had undergone a complete redesign to accommodate the side car. Seat heights had been reduced to the point where the driver now sat in a semi-prone position. This permitted the use of a one-piece fairing which enclosed the front of the outfit as well as the sidecar platform.^[2] The enclosure led to unfamiliar handling, and the advanced design was only used in practice for the Belgian Grand Prix and in the final Grand Prix at Monza, where it finished fourth in the hands of Jacques Drion and Inge Stoll.^[3] Throughout the year, other outfits experimented with more modest refinements such as additional braking via the sidecar wheel, sometimes linked to one or both of the other two brakes.^[4]

Nevertheless, racing sidecars remained intrinsically the same to road-going sidecars. A traditional racing outfit was a road-going motorcycle outfit without the boot and with the suspension lowered. The bootless sidecar frame would have a flat platform. Both the battery and the fuel tank could be placed either between the motorcycle and the sidecar, or on the sidecar platform. Over time the subframe, struts, clamps, sidecar frame, etc. would merge with the motorcycle mainframe and form a single frame. But essentially the racing outfit was still a variant of the road-going outfit in principle.

Beginning in 1977 there was a seismic shift away from the traditional engineering that had underscored sidecar technology up to this point. It began when George O'Dell won the championship using a Hub-center steering sidecar (built by Rolf Biland) called the Seymaz. O'Dell won despite the Seymaz being rarely raced during the season in favor of using a traditional Windle frame for much of the year. The next year Rolf Biland won the 1978 championship using a BEO-Yamaha TZ500 sidecar which was basically a rear-engine, rear-drive trike.

In 1979 the FIM responded to these technological innovations by splitting the sidecar championship into two competitions:

• B2A - traditional sidecars
• B2B - prototypes

Bruno Holzer won the B2B championship with an LCR BEO-Yamaha sidecar that turned motorcycling into something more like driving a car because the machine had a driver's seat, steering wheel and using foot pedals. It also did not require much participation from the sidecar passenger who just had to lie flat on the passenger platform.

In 1980, due to the revolutionary changes being made by the constructors to their designs, the FIM banned all sidecar prototypes because it was concerned that the developments were turning passengers into non-active participants, and the machines were ceasing to resemble motorcycles.

However, a year later FIM reversed its decision and reached a compromise after protests from the teams. Prototypes would be permitted to race subject to the following rules:

• it must be a vehicle that is driven only by a single rear wheel
• it must be steered by a single front wheel
• it must be steered by a motorcycle handle bar not a steering wheel
• it must require the active participation from the passenger.

The 1981 rules remain largely unchanged. For example, trikes or cyclecars are still banned. However, there have been a few amendments and easing of the rules. In the late 1990s the FIM allowed a sidecar front wheel to have automobile-style suspension (e.g. wishbone configurations. Likewise sidecars that are outside of the technical rules are permitted to compete in races but their results, points or finishes are not recorded. An example is the Markus Bösiger/Jürg Egli team who would have finished third in the 1998 championship season. However, as they were using a configuration where Bösiger sat in an upright driving position no results were entered in the official records.

Under FIM regulations, "rider" applies equally to the driver and the passenger on a sidecar. The driver is positioned kneeling in front of the engine with hands near the front wheel, while the passenger moves about the platform at the rear transferring their weight from left to right according to the corner and forward or back to gain traction for the front or rear. The passenger also helps the driver when it comes to drifting, and is also usually the first person to notice any engine problems since he is next to the engine while the driver is in front of it. The two must work together to be a successful team. Nowadays it is common to call the driver the "Pilot", while the passenger has several nicknames: the "Acrobat" used in North America which is no longer in use, and the now common term "Monkey" which originated from Australia. Occasionally the words "Co-Driver" or "Co-Pilot" are also used.

Traditional sidecar racing remain popular in several countries, especially the United Kingdom, where it known as Formula Two Sidecars (600cc Engines). They are generally uses in true road racing events like the Isle of Man TT races. Despite their lower top speeds, these machines retain better manoeuvring capabilities.

Between 1981 and 2016 Superside machines were known as Formula One sidecars using a basic unchanged design. These modern high tech machines are only related to motorcycles by the classification of the engines they use. All chassis are purpose built and owe more to open wheel race car technology and the tires are wide and have a flat profile. They are sometimes known as "worms".^[5]

The most successful sidecar racer in Superside has been Steve Webster, who has won four world championships and six world cup between 1987 and 2004. The most successful chassis is LCR, the Swiss sidecar maker, whose founder Louis Christen has won 35 championships between 1979 and 2016, with a variety of engines, originally Yamaha and Krauser two-strokes, more lately Suzuki four-strokes. The BMW Rennsport RS54 Engine powered to 19 straight constructors titles from 1955 to 1973, the most by any engines.

In 2014, for the first time a Kawasaki-powered machine won the title with Tim Reeves and Gregory Cluze ending an 11-year consecutive Suzuki run. In 2016 Kirsi Kainulainen became the first woman motorcycle world champion, as passenger to Pekka Päivärinta.^[6]

However, in 2017 the engine capacity of F1 sidecars was reduced from 1000cc to 600cc. This was a conscious effort by FIM to attract more participation from racers who still preferred the traditional F2 chassis. By reducing the engine size, it was hoped that this would mean competition on more equal terms. Nevertheless, the 2017 championship was still dominated by competitors using the F1 chassis. The highest placed F2 chassis team was 12th by Eckart Rösinger and Steffen Werner on their Baker-Suzuki GSX-R600.

Since 2005 there are now three types of race classes. Any given championship round can have all three type of races but sometimes there is only one type of race (the Gold Race) in one round, usually when the round is a supporting event of a major meeting such as MotoGP.

• Match Race. Teams are divided into groups and race in very short heat races. Winners and the better placing teams in these heats would advance to the next round (semi-finals), until only the best six teams left for the final heat race. A typical heat race distance is three laps.
• Sprint Race. All teams participate in a short race. A typical race distance is twelve laps.
• Gold Race. All teams participate in a long race, usually twice the distance of the sprint race.

Season	Driver	Passenger	Bike	Constructor
600cc
1949	Eric Oliver	Denis Jenkinson	Norton Manx	Norton
1950	Eric Oliver	Lorenzo Dobelli	Norton Manx	Norton
500cc
1951	Eric Oliver	Lorenzo Dobelli	Norton Manx	Norton
1952	Cyril Smith	Bob Clements Les Nutt	Norton Manx	Norton
1953	Eric Oliver	Stanley Dibben	Norton Manx	Norton
1954	Wilhelm Noll	Fritz Cron	BMW RS54	Norton
1955	Willi Faust	Karl Remmert	BMW RS54	BMW
1956	Wilhelm Noll	Fritz Cron	BMW RS54	BMW
1957	Fritz Hillebrand	Manfred Grunwal	BMW RS54	BMW
1958	Walter Schneider	Hans Strauß	BMW RS54	BMW
1959	Walter Schneider	Hans Strauß	BMW RS54	BMW
1960	Helmut Fath	Alfred Wohlgemuth	BMW RS54	BMW
1961	Max Deubel	Emil Hörner	BMW RS54	BMW
1962	Max Deubel	Emil Hörner	BMW RS54	BMW
1963	Max Deubel	Emil Hörner[a]	BMW RS54	BMW
1964	Max Deubel	Emil Hörner	BMW RS54	BMW
1965	Fritz Scheidegger	John Robinson	BMW RS54	BMW
1966	Fritz Scheidegger	John Robinson	BMW RS54	BMW
1967	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt	BMW RS54	BMW
1968	Helmut Fath	Wolfgang Kalauch	URS	BMW
1969	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt	BMW RS54	BMW
1970	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt Wolfgang Kalauch	BMW RS54	BMW
1971	Horst Owesle	Julius Kremer Peter Rutterford	Münch-URS	BMW
1972	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt	BMW RS54	BMW
1973	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt	BMW RS54	BMW
1974	Klaus Enders	Ralf Engelhardt	Busch-BMW RS54	König
1975	Rolf Steinhausen	Josef Huber	Busch-König	König
1976	Rolf Steinhausen	Josef Huber	Busch-König	König
1977	George O'Dell	Kenny Arthur Cliff Holland	Windle-Yamaha TZ500 Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1978	Rolf Biland	Kenneth Williams	TTM-Yamaha TZ500 BEO-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1979 (B2A)	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	Schmid-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1979 (B2B)	Bruno Holzer	Charlie Maierhans	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1980	Jock Taylor	Benga Johansson	Windle-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1981	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1982	Werner Schwärzel	Andreas Huber	Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1983	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1984	Egbert Streuer	Bernard Schnieders	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1985	Egbert Streuer	Bernard Schnieders	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1986	Egbert Streuer	Bernard Schnieders	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1987	Steve Webster	Tony Hewitt	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1988	Steve Webster	Tony Hewitt Gavin Simmons	LCR-Yamaha TZ500	Yamaha
1989	Steve Webster	Tony Hewitt	LCR-Krauser	Krauser
1990	Alain Michel	Simon Birchall	LCR-Krauser	Krauser
1991	Steve Webster	Gavin Simmons	LCR-Krauser	Krauser
1992	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	LCR-Krauser	Krauser
1993	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	LCR-Krauser	Krauser
1994	Rolf Biland	Kurt Waltisperg	LCR-Swissauto V4	ADM[b]
1995	Darren Dixon	Andy Hetherington	Windle-ADM	ADM
1996	Darren Dixon	Andy Hetherington	Windle-ADM	ADM
Sidecar World Cup
1997	Steve Webster	David James	LCR-ADM
500cc 2-stroke or 1000cc 4-stroke
1998	Steve Webster	David James	LCR-Honda NSR500
1999	Steve Webster	David James	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2000	Steve Webster	Paul Woodhead	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
Superside
1000cc 4-stroke
2001	Klaus Klaffenböck	Christian Parzer	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2002	Steve Abbott	Jamie Biggs	Windle-Yamaha EXUP
2003	Steve Webster	Paul Woodhead	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
Superside World Cup
2004	Steve Webster	Paul Woodhead	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
Superside
2005	Tim Reeves	Tristan Reeves	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2006	Tim Reeves	Tristan Reeves	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2007	Tim Reeves	Patrick Farrance[c]	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2008	Pekka Päivärinta	Timo Karttiala	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
2009	Ben Birchall	Tom Birchall	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000
Superside Sidecar World Championship
2010	Pekka Päivärinta	Adolf Hänni	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000
2011	Pekka Päivärinta	Adolf Hänni	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000
2012	Tim Reeves	Ashley Hawes	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000
2013	Pekka Päivärinta	Adolf Hänni	LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000
2014	Tim Reeves	Gregory Cluze	LCR-Kawasaki ZX-10R
2014 (F2 World Trophy)	Tim Reeves	Gregory Cluze	DMR-Honda CBR600
2015	Bennie Streuer	Geert Koerts	LCR Suzuki GSX-R1000
2015 (F2 World Trophy)	Tim Reeves	Patrick Farrance	DMR-Honda CBR600
2016	Pekka Päivärinta	Kirsi Kainulainen[d]	LCR-BMW S 1000RR
2016 (F2 World Trophy)	Ben Birchall	Tom Birchall	LCR-Honda CBR600
600 cc 4-stroke
2017	Ben Birchall	Tom Birchall	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6
2018	Ben Birchall	Tom Birchall	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6
2019	Tim Reeves	Mark Wilkes	Adolf RS-Yamaha YZF-R6
2020	Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2021	Markus Schlosser	Marcel Fries	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6
2022[7]	Todd Ellis	Emmanuelle Clément	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6
2023	Todd Ellis	Emmanuelle Clément	LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6

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