Gros Ventre language: Difference between revisions
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| ethnicity = [[Gros Ventre people|Gros Ventre]] |
| ethnicity = [[Gros Ventre people|Gros Ventre]] |
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| extinct = 1981 |
| extinct = 1981 |
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| revived = |
| revived = 45 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html|title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English|publisher= US Census Bureau|website=www.census.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-17}}</ref> |
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| ref = <ref name="mithun336" /> |
| ref = <ref name="mithun336" /> |
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| familycolor = Algic |
| familycolor = Algic |
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Revision as of 04:36, 8 January 2018
| Gros Ventre | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Montana |
| Ethnicity | Gros Ventre |
| Extinct | 1981[1] |
| Revival | 45 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2013[2] |
Algic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ats |
| Glottolog | gros1243 |
| ELP | Gros Ventre |
Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe and A’ani),[3] is the extinct ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 1981.[1]
History
Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".[1] Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes /tʲ/, /ts/, /kʲ/, and /bʲ/, and lacked the velar fricative /x/.
Theresa Lamebull taught the language at Fort Belknap College, and helped develop a dictionary using the Phraselator when she was 109.[4]
As of 2012, the White Clay Immersion School at Fort Belknap College was teaching the language to 26 students, up from 11 students in 2006.[3][5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | plain | b | t | k | ʔ | ||
| palatalized | bʲ | tʲ | kʲ | ||||
| Fricative | θ | s | h | ||||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||||
| Nasal | n | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
Vowels
| Short | Long | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ | iː |
| Mid | ɛ | eː |
| Back | ɔ | oː |
| ʊ | uː |
Notes
- ^ a b c Mithun 336
- ^ "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
- ^ a b "Immersion School is Saving a Native American Language". Indian Country Today Media Network. 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
- ^ "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
- ^ Boswell, Evelyn (2008-12-04). "MSU grads preserve a native language, keep tribal philosophies alive". MSU News Service. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
- ^ Salzmann, Zdeněk (1969). Salvage Phonology of Gros Ventre (Atsina).
References
- Mithun, Marianne (1999) The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
- Malainey, Mary E. 2005. The Gros Ventre/Fall Indians in historical and archaeological interpretation. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 25(1):155-183.
External links
- Native Languages of the Americas: Gros Ventre (Ahe, Ahahnelin, Aane, Atsina)
- Gros Ventre Language Word Sets, Fort Belknap College
- Gros Ventre Dictionary
- Capriccioso, Rob (2007-10-09). "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
- "OLAC, Open Language Archives Community: Gros Ventre". Retrieved 2012-07-18.
- "A Basic Guide in Tri-Lingual Education in Gros Ventre and Assiniboine". Retrieved 2012-07-18.
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