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== History ==
== History ==
Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]] and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".<ref name = "mithun336"/> Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, {{IPA|/ts/}}, /{{IPA|kʲ}}/, and {{IPA|/bʲ/}}, and lacked the velar fricative {{IPA|/x/}}.
Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]] and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".<ref name = "mithun336"/> Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, {{IPA|/ts/}}, {{IPA|/kʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/bʲ/}}, and lacked the velar fricative {{IPA|/x/}}.


[[Theresa Lamebull]] taught the language at [[Fort Belknap College]], and helped develop a dictionary using the [[Phraselator]] when she was 109.<ref>{{Cite web
[[Theresa Lamebull]] taught the language at [[Fort Belknap College]], and helped develop a dictionary using the [[Phraselator]] when she was 109.<ref>{{Cite web

Revision as of 03:05, 4 July 2017

Gros Ventre
Native toUnited States
RegionMontana
EthnicityGros Ventre
Extinct1981[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ats
Glottologgros1243
ELPGros Ventre

Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe and A’ani),[2] is the extinct ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 1981.[1]

History

Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".[1] Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes /tʲ/, /ts/, /kʲ/, and /bʲ/, and lacked the velar fricative /x/.

Theresa Lamebull taught the language at Fort Belknap College, and helped develop a dictionary using the Phraselator when she was 109.[3]

As of 2012, the White Clay Immersion School at Fort Belknap College was teaching the language to 26 students, up from 11 students in 2006.[2][4]

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain b~p t k ʔ
palatalized bʲ~pʲ tʲ kʲ
Fricative θ s h
Affricate ts tʃ
Nasal n
Approximant w j

Vowels

Short Long
Close ɪ iː
Mid ɛ ɛː
e eː
o oː
ɔ ɔː
Back ʊ uː

There are three diphthongs in Gros Ventre; /ei/, /oe/, and /ou/. They are pronounced as: /ej/, /aj/, and /ow/.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Mithun 336
  2. ^ a b "Immersion School is Saving a Native American Language". Indian Country Today Media Network. 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  3. ^ "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
  4. ^ Boswell, Evelyn (2008-12-04). "MSU grads preserve a native language, keep tribal philosophies alive". MSU News Service. Retrieved 2012-07-19.

References

  • Mithun, Marianne (1999) The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Further reading


Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F788891966