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===Consonants=== |
===Consonants=== |
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Oshindonga contains the following consonant phonemes: |
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Oshindonga also contains many consonant compounds, listed below: |
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* m̥pʰ |
* m̥pʰ |
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* n̥tʰ |
* n̥tʰ |
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Revision as of 14:06, 23 June 2016
| Ndonga | |
|---|---|
| ndonga | |
| Native to | Namibia and southern Angola |
| Region | Ovamboland |
Native speakers | 810,000 (2006)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | ng |
| ISO 639-2 | ndo |
| ISO 639-3 | ndo |
| Glottolog | ndon1254 |
R.22[2] | |
| Linguasphere | 99-AUR-lc |
Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu language spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. With 281,500 speakers, the language has the largest number of speakers in Namibia.
Martti Rautanen translated the Bible into the Ndonga standard.[3]
Phonology
Vowels
Oshindonga uses a five-vowel system:
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |
Consonants
Oshindonga contains the following consonant phonemes:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ŋ̊ | ||
| voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | h |
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| Approximant | central | w | ð | j | ||
| lateral | l | |||||
Oshindonga also contains many consonant compounds, listed below:
- m̥pʰ
- n̥tʰ
- n̥kʰ
- m̥pʰw
- n̥tʰw
- n̥kʰw
- n̥th
- n̥dz
- n̥tsʰ
- xw
- tsˈ (voiceless, ejective, alveolor affricate)
- psʲˈ (voiceless, palatalized, labio-alveolar affricate)
References
- ^ Ndonga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ "Namiweb.com". Namibweb.com. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- Fivaz, Derek (2003). A Reference Grammar of Oshindonga (2 ed.). Windhoek: Out of Africa Publishers.
External links
