Eisspeedway

.nz: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
Nankai (talk | contribs)
Nankai (talk | contribs)
No edit summary
Line 12: Line 12:
| intendeduse=Entities connected with {{NZL}}|
| intendeduse=Entities connected with {{NZL}}|
actualuse=Popular in New Zealand
actualuse=Popular in New Zealand
| restrictions=No restrictions under most second-level names; a few are "moderated" meaning that eligibility is checked before registration is granted
| restrictions=No restrictions on second-level names; second-level sector domains in wide use of which a few are "moderated" meaning that eligibility is checked before registration is granted
| structure=Names are registered at third level within generic second-level categories
| structure=Names are registered at third level within generic second-level categories
| document=
| document=

Revision as of 03:13, 14 October 2013

.nz
NZ Registry Services .nz
Introduced1987
TLD typeCountry code top-level domain
StatusActive
RegistryNZ Registry Services
SponsorInternetNZ
Intended useEntities connected with  New Zealand
Actual usePopular in New Zealand
Registration restrictionsNo restrictions on second-level names; second-level sector domains in wide use of which a few are "moderated" meaning that eligibility is checked before registration is granted
StructureNames are registered at third level within generic second-level categories
Dispute policiesDispute and Complaint Process
Registry websiteNZ Registry Services
Domain Name Commission

.nz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for New Zealand. It is administered by InternetNZ through its subsidiary, NZ Registry Services, with oversight and dispute resolution handled by the Domain Name Commission Ltd. Registrations are processed via authorised registrars. As of March 2011 there were 433,183 registered .nz domains.[1]

History

As with many long-standing domain registries the registry was maintained informally for some time. The first formally recognised administrative organisation was the University of Waikato until the responsibility was delegated to InternetNZ when it was formed in 1995.[2]

Prior to the current structure, the registry operator of .nz was Domainz. Historically, Domainz was a subsidiary of InternetNZ which also operated as a registrar and vendor of other add-on services such as DNS. This combination of a natural monopoly (the registry activities) and vertical integration (the registrar and other services) was seen by some as restricting competition[2] so InternetNZ moved to separate the provision of registry services into a separate organisation with strong oversight. The final part of this transition process was the sale of Domainz to Melbourne IT[3] in August 2003.

From 1 April 2008 the "Office of the Domain Name Commissioner" (several employees of InternetNZ, including the Domain Name Commissioner herself) became the "Domain Name Commission Limited", a subsidiary company of InternetNZ. [4]

Second-level domains

As is the case with many English-speaking countries outside North America, New Zealand practice until 2013 required second-level domains that identified the sector of the user: as a company, a non-commercial organisation, government body or other classification.

In October 2013, InternetNZ decided to allow domain names to be registered at the second level in the .nz domain name space, aligning the .nz domain name space with a majority of other top level domains that already allow registrations directly at the second level.[5]

Unlike many other English-speaking countries, New Zealand uses 'govt' instead of 'gov' for government bodies, hence the second-level domain 'govt.nz'. There are also sub-level domains unique to New Zealand, such as 'iwi.nz' and the broader 'maori.nz', for Māori iwi and other organisations respectively, and 'geek.nz' for 'geeks' .

The following second-level sector domains are in wide use:

Unmoderated

  • .ac.nz—Tertiary educational institutions and related organisations
  • .co.nz—Organisations pursuing commercial aims and purposes
  • .geek.nz – For people who are concentrative, technically skilled and imaginative who are generally adept with computers
  • .gen.nz – Individuals and other organisations not covered elsewhere
  • .kiwi.nz – For people or organisations that associate with being 'Kiwi' the colloquial term for New Zealanders[6][7]
  • .maori.nz – Māori people, groups, and organisations
  • .net.nz – Organisations and service providers directly related to the NZ Internet
  • .org.nz – Not-for-profit organisations
  • .school.nz – Primary, secondary and pre-schools and related organisations

Moderated

  • .cri.nz – Crown Research Institutes.
  • .govt.nz – National, regional and local government organisations operating with statutory powers. Registration is only available through the government registrar, DNS.govt.nz, and there is a government portal at www.govt.nz
  • .iwi.nz – A traditional Māori tribe, hapu, or Taurahere group. Available from register.iwi.nz.
  • .parliament.nz – Reserved for parliamentary agencies, Offices of Parliament, and parliamentary political parties and their elected members.
  • .mil.nz – the military organisation of the NZ Government – the New Zealand Defence Force.
  • .health.nz – Health organisations.

Previously used

The Domain archie.nz also existed for an Archie search engine Server operated by the University of Waikato until the mid-1990s.

Since only some of the domains are moderated, it is possible to register outside of the sector intended.

Registry Software and Protocol

The .nz registry uses open source software, which is periodically published on SourceForge. The protocol used by this software has non-repudiation built in to it using PGP, and unlike ".com" there is no concept of "locking" domains – transferring a domain requires only knowledge of a secret called a UDAI key which business rules dictate is sent to registrants during registration (and must be re-issued on demand at no cost). This prevents Domain hijacking. The protocol was contemporary with EPP, and due to these extra design features is now being ratified as an internet RFC.[8]

Māori domain names

On 22 July 2010, the Domain Name Commission announced that .nz domain names with macron vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō and ū) would be available from the following week to allow Māori language words to be correctly represented in domain names.[9]

References

  1. ^ "Monthly .nz Statistics March 2011". Domain Name Commission. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Review of the Registry/Registrar Structure for the .nz ccTLD (The Hine Report)". 20 October 2000. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Melbourne IT buys NZ domain incumbent". 21 August 2003. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  4. ^ "April 2008 .nz Newsletter" (PDF). 24 April 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  5. ^ "New level of Internet domain names" on Scoop.co.nz website, dated 2013-10-11, viewed 2013-10-14
  6. ^ http://dnc.org.nz/story/internetnz-approves-new-second-level-domain-kiwinz?m=309
  7. ^ http://dnc.org.nz/story/application-new-2ld-kiwinz?m=309
  8. ^ "System for Managing a Shared Domain Registry". 26 July 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  9. ^ ".nz domain names with macrons to launch next week". NZ Domain Name Commission. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010.