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Solar eclipse of March 21, 2099

Solar eclipse of March 21, 2099
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.4016
Magnitude0.93
Maximum eclipse
Duration452 s (7 min 32 s)
Coordinates20°S 149°W / 20°S 149°W / -20; -149
Max. width of band275 km (171 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse22:54:32
References
Saros131 (55 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9731

An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Saturday, March 21 and Sunday, March 22, 2099,[1] with a magnitude of 0.93. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.1 days after apogee (on March 19, 2099, at 20:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.[2]

The path of annularity will be visible from parts of the Auckland Islands, Chatham Island, and French Polynesia. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of eastern Australia, Oceania, Antarctica, Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, and the southwestern United States.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

March 21, 2099 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2099 March 21 at 19:54:47.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2099 March 21 at 21:03:08.8 UTC
First Central Line 2099 March 21 at 21:06:17.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2099 March 21 at 21:09:27.2 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2099 March 21 at 22:37:38.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2099 March 21 at 22:27:57.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2099 March 21 at 22:49:43.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 2099 March 21 at 22:54:15.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2099 March 21 at 22:54:32.0 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2099 March 21 at 23:12:04.5 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2099 March 22 at 00:39:54.6 UTC
Last Central Line 2099 March 22 at 00:43:02.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2099 March 22 at 00:46:09.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2099 March 22 at 01:54:23.7 UTC
March 21, 2099 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.93180
Eclipse Obscuration 0.86826
Gamma −0.40163
Sun Right Ascension 00h06m00.9s
Sun Declination +00°39'05.5"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'03.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 00h06m43.3s
Moon Declination +00°20'09.1"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'45.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'09.7"
ΔT 122.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of March–April 2099
March 21
Ascending node (new moon)
April 5
Descending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 131
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 143

Eclipses in 2099

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 131

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2098–2101

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipse on October 24, 2098 occurs in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2098 to 2101
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
121 April 1, 2098

Partial
−1.1005 126 September 25, 2098

Partial
1.14
131 March 21, 2099

Annular
−0.4016 136 September 14, 2099

Total
0.3942
141 March 10, 2100

Annular
0.3077 146 September 4, 2100

Total
−0.3384
151 February 28, 2101

Annular
0.9964 156 August 24, 2101

Partial
−1.1392

Saros 131

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 131, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 1, 1125. It contains total eclipses from March 27, 1522 through May 30, 1612; hybrid eclipses from June 10, 1630 through July 24, 1702; and annular eclipses from August 4, 1720 through June 18, 2243. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on September 2, 2369. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 28 at 58 seconds on May 30, 1612, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 54 seconds on January 26, 2009. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 39–60 occur between 1801 and 2200:
39 40 41

September 28, 1810

October 9, 1828

October 20, 1846
42 43 44

October 30, 1864

November 10, 1882

November 22, 1900
45 46 47

December 3, 1918

December 13, 1936

December 25, 1954
48 49 50

January 4, 1973

January 15, 1991

January 26, 2009
51 52 53

February 6, 2027

February 16, 2045

February 28, 2063
54 55 56

March 10, 2081

March 21, 2099

April 2, 2117
57 58 59

April 13, 2135

April 23, 2153

May 5, 2171
60

May 15, 2189

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between June 1, 2076 and October 27, 2163
June 1–3 March 21–22 January 7–8 October 26–27 August 14–15
119 121 123 125 127

June 1, 2076

March 21, 2080

January 7, 2084

October 26, 2087

August 15, 2091
129 131 133 135 137

June 2, 2095

March 21, 2099

January 8, 2103

October 26, 2106

August 15, 2110
139 141 143 145 147

June 3, 2114

March 22, 2118

January 8, 2122

October 26, 2125

August 15, 2129
149 151 153 155 157

June 3, 2133

March 21, 2137

January 8, 2141

October 26, 2144

August 14, 2148
159 161 163 165

June 3, 2152

October 27, 2163

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1837 and 2200

April 5, 1837
(Saros 107)

March 5, 1848
(Saros 108)

February 3, 1859
(Saros 109)

December 2, 1880
(Saros 111)

August 31, 1913
(Saros 114)

July 31, 1924
(Saros 115)

June 30, 1935
(Saros 116)

May 30, 1946
(Saros 117)

April 30, 1957
(Saros 118)

March 28, 1968
(Saros 119)

February 26, 1979
(Saros 120)

January 26, 1990
(Saros 121)

December 25, 2000
(Saros 122)

November 25, 2011
(Saros 123)

October 25, 2022
(Saros 124)

September 23, 2033
(Saros 125)

August 23, 2044
(Saros 126)

July 24, 2055
(Saros 127)

June 22, 2066
(Saros 128)

May 22, 2077
(Saros 129)

April 21, 2088
(Saros 130)

March 21, 2099
(Saros 131)

February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)

January 19, 2121
(Saros 133)

December 19, 2131
(Saros 134)

November 17, 2142
(Saros 135)

October 17, 2153
(Saros 136)

September 16, 2164
(Saros 137)

August 16, 2175
(Saros 138)

July 16, 2186
(Saros 139)

June 15, 2197
(Saros 140)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 9, 1809
(Saros 121)

September 18, 1838
(Saros 122)

August 29, 1867
(Saros 123)

August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)

July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)

June 30, 1954
(Saros 126)

June 11, 1983
(Saros 127)

May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)

April 30, 2041
(Saros 129)

April 11, 2070
(Saros 130)

March 21, 2099
(Saros 131)

March 1, 2128
(Saros 132)

February 9, 2157
(Saros 133)

January 20, 2186
(Saros 134)

Notes

  1. ^ "March 21–22, 2099 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2099 Mar 21". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 131". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References