Samuel Abraham Poznański or Shemuel Avraham Poznanski ( Hebrew: שמואל אברהם פוזננסקי, Lubraniec, 3 September 1864–1921) was a Polish-Jewish scholar, known for his studies of Karaism and the Hebrew calendar. Arabist, Hebrew bibliographer, and authority on modern Karaism; rabbi and preacher at the Great Synagogue in Warsaw.

He graduated from a gymnasium of Warsaw and studied at Warsaw University and the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin.^[1] At that time he formed an intimate friendship with his teacher Moritz Steinschneider, for whose eightieth birthday in 1896 he edited the Festschrift.

He was appointed a member of the Warsaw council of rabbis by a committee of the Great Synagogue on Tłomackie Street, Warsaw just before his death where he preached. Orthodox Jews opposed his appointment and even resorted to street demonstrations.^[2][3] He was succeeded at the Great Synagogue by Moses Schorr in 1923.

He was an ardent Zionist, and a delegate to the First Zionist Congress.

Poznanski is the author of the following works:

• "Eine Hebräische Grammatik des Dreizehnten Jahr-hunderts" (Berlin, 1894);
• "Mose b. Samuel ha-Kohen ibn Chiquitilla Nebst den Fragmenten Seiner Schriften" (Leipsic, 1895);
• "Isak b. Elasar ha-Levis Einleitung zu Seinem Sephath Jether" (Breslau, 1895);
• "Aboul Faradj Haroun ben al-Faradj le Grammairien de Jürusalem et Son Mouschtamil" (Paris, 1896);
• "Die Girgisani-Handschriften im British Museum" (Berlin, 1896);
• "Karaite Miscellanies" (London, 1896);
• "Mesroi al Okbari, Chef d'une Secte Juive du Neuvième Siècle" (Paris, 1896);
• "The Anti-Karaite Writings of Saadjah Gaon" (London, 1897);
• "Jacob ben Ephraim, ein Anti-Karäischer Polemiker des Zehnten Jahrhunderts" (Breslau, 1900, in "Kaufmann Gedenkbuch");
• "Perush R. Sa'adya Gaon le-Dani'el" (Berdychev, 1900);
• "Tanhoum Yeruschalmi et Son Commentaire sur le Livre de Jonas" (Paris, 1900); "Miscellen über Saadja III.: Die Beschreibung des Erlösungs-Jahres in Emunoth we-Deoth ch. 8" (Breslau, 1901);
• "Tehillah le-Dawid" (Kaufmann) in Hebrew (Warsaw, 1902);
• "Le Commentaire sur le Livre d'Osée par Eliezer (ou Eléazar) de Beaugency" (Berdychev, 1902);
• "Anan et Ses Ecrits" (Paris, 1902);
• "Der Arabische Kommentar zum Buche Josua von Abû Zakarjâ Jahjâ Ibn Bal'am" (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1903);
• "Ephrajim ben Schemarja de Fostât et l'Académie Palestinienne" (Paris, 1904);
• "Schechters Saadyana" (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904);
• "Fragments de l'Exegèse Biblique de Menahem bar Chelbo" (Warsaw, 1904);
• "Ibn Hazm über Jüdische Sekten" (London, 1904).

He has contributed also numerous articles to the "Monatsschrift," Stade's "Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft," "Ha-Goren" (Berdychev), "Ha-Ẓefirah" (Warsaw), "Revue des Etudes Juives," and the "Jewish Quarterly Review".

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herman Rosenthal and Alexander Kisch (1901–1906). "Poznanski, Samuel". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
• Important Persons in Karaim History
• Solomon Schechter. Letters to Samuel Poznanski (in Hebrew, 1943).

• G. Kressel, Cyclopaedia of modern Hebrew Literature (Leksīqōn has-sifrūt hā'ibrīt be-dōrōt ha-aharōnīm), vol. II, 1965, (Hebrew).
• Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol.13, 929 - 930.