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Puadhi dialect

Puadhi
Powadhi
ਪੁਆਧੀ پوادھی
PronunciationPowadhi
Native toIndia
RegionPuadh of eastern Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh
EthnicityPunjabi (Puadhi)
Standard forms
  • Haryanvi
Gurmukhī
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologpowa1244
Speaker of Haryanvi Puadhi dialect.
Map of Punjabi dialects and languages, including the Puadhi dialect in the southeast

Puadhi (Gurmukhi: ਪੁਆਧੀ; IAST: [puādhī], sometimes spelled as Poadhi, Powadhi, or Pwadhi) is an eastern dialect between the Haryanvi language and Punjabi language primarily spoken in the Puadh region of northern India.[1] It is spoken between the Sutlej and Ghaggar river basins in the present day states of Punjab and Haryana, and the union territory of Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh.

Puadh extends from Rupnagar near Satluj up to the Ghaggar river and its tributaries, Markanda and Som in the east, which lie in northern Haryana up to Kala Amb in Nahan district of Himachal Pradesh.

To the west it extends into the Puadh tract of Ludhiana where the westernmost spoken varieties of the Puadhi dialect form a continuum with Malwai and in north it blend with Doabi[2] Puadhi's western boundary also extends into Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala districts and its influence is observed in the southwest in the adjacent areas of Kaithal and Kurukshetra districts up to northern areas of Jind distinct such as Ujhana and Dhamtan Sahib.

The language is spoken over a large area in present Indian Punjab as well as Haryana. Puadhi is also spoken in other areas: Kharar, Kurali, Zirakpur, Derrabassi, Lalru, Rupnagar, Morinda, Chandigarh, Pail, Rajpura, Samrala in Punjab as well as Ambala, Naraingarh, Sadaura, Panchkula, Raipur Rani, Barwala, Shahabad, Barara, Thana Chappar, Bilaspur, Saraswati Nagar, Pehowa, North of Kaithal and Tohana etc. in Haryana.

Grammar

  • Genitive postposition: The genitive case particles of ਕਾ kā, ਕੀ kī, ਕੇ ke and ਕੀਆਂ kiān are found in Puadhi, as compared to most other dialects which use ਦਾ dā, ਦੀ dī, ਦੇ de and ਦੀਆਂ diān. Puadhi shares this grammatical trait with neighbouring dialects of Bangru and Bagri. In Punjabi, this form of second case is also observed intermittently in villages that speak Malwai.
  • Ablative postposition: ਤੇ te is the Puadhi equivalent of Majhi ਤੋਂ ton, similarly ਗੇਲੇ gele is used instead of ਨਾਲੋਂ nalon.
  • Topic marker: In addition to ਤੇ te and ਤਾ ta, ਤੋ to and ਤੌ tō are also commonly used. The latter ਤੌ is pronounced as a diphthong when emphasized. All four nominative particles are the same in Puadhi as in Bangru, which is spoken to its immediate south.[citation needed]

Vocabulary

The Puadhi dialect has many words that differ from other dialects of Punjabi.

The Puadh region consists of the eastern districts of Punjab, the north-western portions of Haryana and the southernmost strip of Himachal Pradesh.
The Puadhi language is spoken across the region shown in green.

Examples

Puadhi Pronunciation in Puadhi Meaning Equivalent Majhi word
ਈਬ ابّ [īb] now ਹੁਣ ہُݨ
ਮ੍ਹਾਰਾ مہارا [mhārā] our / ours ਸਾਡਾ ساڈا
ਥਾਰਾ تھارا [thārā] your / yours ਤੁਹਾਡਾ تہاڈا
ਯੋ یو [yo] this ਇਹ ایہہ
ਨਿਊਂ نیونہہ [nyūn] such / like this ਯੋਂ یونہہ
ਛੋਕਰਾ چھوکرا [chokrā] boy ਮੁੰਡਾ منڈا
ਗੈਲ گیل [gail] with ਨਾਲ نال
ਹਮੇ ہمیں / ਹਮ ہم [hamē] / [ham] we ਅਸੀਂ اسیں
ਥਮੇ تھمیں / ਥਮ تھم [thamē] / [tham] you ਤੁਸੀਂ تسیں
ਗਾਰਤੀ گارتی [gārtī] quickly ਛੇਤੀ چھیتی
ਲਾਗ لاگ [lāg] near ਨੇੜੇ نیڑے
ਬੋਹਤਾ بوہتا [bōhtā] much ਬੜਾ بڑا
ਪਾਲ਼ਾ پالا [pāɭ̆ā] cold weather ਠੰਡ ٹھنڈ

See also

References