Parasympathetic ganglia
Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic (craniosacral) systems, in red and blue, respectively
Details
Identifiers
Latin	ganglia parasympathicum
MeSH	D005726
TA98	A14.2.00.012
TA2	6170
FMA	5894
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.

These paired ganglia supply all parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck.

• ciliary ganglion (sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle)
• pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland, glands of nasal cavity)
• submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands)
• otic ganglion (parotid gland)

Each has three roots entering the ganglion and a variable number of exiting branches.

• The motor root carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers (GVE) that terminate in the ganglion and synapse with the postsynaptic fibers that, in turn, project to target organs.
• The sympathetic root carries postsynaptic sympathetic fibers (GVE) that traverse the ganglion without synapsing.
• The sensory root carries general sensory fibers (GSA) that also do not synapse in the ganglion.

Some ganglia also carry special sensory fibers (SVA) for taste sensation.

• oculomotor nerve (ciliary ganglion)
• facial nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion)
• glossopharyngeal nerve (otic ganglion)
• vagus nerve (no named ganglion)
• pelvic splanchnic nerves

• Histology image: 04601loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
• Autonomics of the Head and Neck - Page 4 of 14 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
• The Autonomic Nervous System from the University of Arizona
• Diagrams
• "Terminal ganglion - Auerbach's plexus - plastic section"