Eudaminae
| Eudaminae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Brown longtail (Urbanus procne) | |
| |
| Typical resting positions | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Subfamily: | Eudaminae Mabille, 1877 |
The Eudaminae are a subfamily of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae). Their original type genus Eudamus is today a junior synonym of Urbanus. They are largely found in the Neotropics, with some extending into temperate North America, and one genus, Lobocla, endemic to East Asia.[1]
Taxonomy
The Eudaminae have been recent subject to significant taxonomic revisions based on genome analysis, including by Brower & Warren 2009,[1] and Li et al. 2019.[2]
Historically, the subfamily has been included as tribe Eudamini in subfamily Pyrginae, based on perceived similarities with two of the tribes in that subfamily, the Celaenorrhinini and Pyrgini. As of Li et al. 2019, the Eudaminae are divided into four tribes: Entheini, Phocidini, Eudamini[a] and Oileidini.[b][2]
Current status and subdivisions
Except where otherwise noted, the classification below follows Li et al., 2019:[2]
Tribe Entheini
- Drephalys Watson, 1893
- Udranomia A. Butler, 1870
- Phanus Hübner, [1819]
- Hyalothyrus Mabille, 1878
- Entheus Hübner, [1819]
- Augiades Hübner, [1819]
- Tarsoctenus E. Watson, 1893
Tribe Phocidini
- Phocides Hübner, [1819]
- Pseudonascus Austin, 2008
- Nascus E. Watson, 1893
- Aurina Evans, 1937
- Emmelus O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2016
- Porphyrogenes E. Watson, 1893
- Nicephellus Austin, 2008
- Salatis Evans, 1952
- Salantoia Grishin, 2019
- Sarmientoia Berg, 1897
- Bungalotis E. Watson, 1893
- Euriphellus Austin, 2008
- Dyscophellus Godman & Salvin, 1893
- Phareas Westwood, 1852
- Ornilius Grishin, 2022[3]
- Fulvatis Grishin, 2022[3]
- Adina Grishin, 2022[3]
Tribe Eudamini
Subtribe Eudamina
- Cecropterus Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
- Spicauda Grishin, 2019
- Urbanus Hübner, [1807]
- Telegonus Hübner, [1819]
- Autochton Hübner, 1823
- Spathilepia A. Butler, 1870
- Astraptes Hübner, [1819]
- Narcosius Steinhauser, 1986
- Proteides Hübner, [1819]
- Epargyreus Hübner, [1819]
- Chioides Lindsey, 1921
Subtribe Loboclina
- Aguna R. Williams, 1927
- Zeutus Grishin, 2019
- Lobocla Moore, 1884
- Lobotractus Grishin, 2019
- Codatractus Lindsey, 1921
- Zestusa Lindsey, 1925
- Ridens Evans, 1952
- Venada Evans, 1952
Subtribe Cephisina
- Cephise Evans, 1952
Subtribe Telemiadina
- Ectomis Mabille, 1878
- Telemiades Hübner, [1819]
- Polygonus Hübner, [1825]
Tribe Oileidini
Subtribe Oileidina
- Flattoides Grishin, 2019
- Oileides Hübner, [1825]
Subtribe Typhedanina
- Typhedanus A. Butler, 1870
- Oechydrus E. Watson, 1893
- Cogia A. Butler, 1870
- Nerula Mabille, 1888
- Marela Mabille, 1903
Footnotes and references
- ^ a b Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Eudaminae. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.
- ^ a b c Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.
- ^ a b c Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14). "Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. PMID 35370352.