Categories of
Financial risk
Credit risk
Settlement risk Concentration risk Sovereign risk Default risk
Market risk
Interest rate risk Inflation risk Currency risk Equity risk Commodity risk Volatility risk Systemic risk
Liquidity risk
Refinancing risk Deposit risk Margining risk
Investment risk
Model risk Execution risk Valuation risk
Business risk
Reputational risk Operational risk Country risk Political risk Legal risk Moral hazard
Profit risk
Non-financial risk
Stranded asset

Non-financial risks (NFR) are all of the risks which are not covered by traditional financial risk management.^[1] This negative definition resembles the initial definition of operational risk, and it depends on the bank or corporation whether or not they use the term operational risk synchronously with NFR. Since 2019, the new term NFR became popular in the risk management sector^[2]

Non-financial risks include:

• Operational risk (Op risk). In case that Op risk is considered a part of NFR (and not as equivalent), Op risk summarizes e.g. those risks which can be quantified by the use of scenario models. Examples are pandemics, floods and other weather events.
• Conduct risk means that the behavior of the cooperation's employees leads to losses^[3]
• Cyber risk and IT risk are possible losses due to security breaches.
• Compliance risks are risks related to Governance, risk management, and compliance. Managing the compliance risk means putting a price tag on potential failures of adhering to self-given rules of the bank as well as Regulatory compliance.
• Regulatory risk are possible losses due to changes of the law and regulations.
• Reputational Risk is potential loss caused by the damage to a firm's reputation.

All these risk types are closely related. In the case of a data leak (which is a cyber risk incident), the reputation of the company as a whole might be at stake.^[4]