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Ta'Oi language

Ta'Oi
Ta Oi
Native toLaos, Vietnam
EthnicityTa Oi, Katang
Native speakers
(220,000 cited 1995–2005)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
tth – Upper Ta'Oi
irr – Ir (Hantong)
oog – Ong (= Ir)
tto – Lower Ta'Oi
ngt – Ngeq (Kriang)
Glottologtaoi1247
ELPChatong

Ta'Oi (Ta'Oih, Ta Oi) is a Katuic dialect chain of Salavan and Sekong provinces in Laos, and in Thừa Thiên-Huế province in Vietnam (Sidwell 2005:12).

Varieties

Sidwell (2005) lists the following varieties of Ta'Oi, which is a name applied to speakers of various related dialects.

  • Ta'Oi proper
  • Ong/Ir/Talan
  • Chatong is spoken about 50 to 100 km northeast of Sekong. It has been recorded only by Theraphan L-Thongkum.
  • Kriang (Ngkriang, Ngeq) is spoken by up to 4,000 people living in villages between Tatheng and Sekong, such as Ban Chakamngai.
  • Kataang (Katang) is a dialect that has been documented by Michel Ferlus, Gerard Diffloth, and other linguists. It is not to be confused with the Bru dialect of Katang.[2]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t c k ʔ
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
Fricative s h
Rhotic r
Approximant w l j
  • There are also creaky syllable-final segments /mʔ, nʔ, ŋʔ, wʔ, lʔ, jʔ/, however; they are not noted as a distinct series.
  • /ɟ/ may also be heard as a preglottal sound [ʔj].[3]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i iː ɨ ɨː u uː
Mid e eː ə əː o oː
Open ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː
Diphthongs
Front Central Back
Close ia ɨa ua

Morphosyntax

Taoih, like other Katuic languages, is largely analytic and slightly inflectional.[4] Taoih has a large amounts of affixes which mark agreement for person and case and derive new lexicalized words. The specific cases that are marked differ by person. There are several grammatical cases in Taoih, including some important ones: nominative, accusative, locative, dative, and genitive.

Taoih Pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
singular dual plural singular dual plural singular dual plural
Initial aku nhǎng muhe ame inhoa ipe ʔo anho'a ape
Genitive ɘɳku ɘɳnhǎng ɘɳhe ɘɳme/ɘɳmaɨ ɘɳoinhoa ɘɳoipe ɘɳo ɘɳoanho'a ɘɳoape
Dative aku anhǎng ahe amme/ammai aoinhoa aoipe ao aoanho'a aoape
Locative - - ihe ime/imai - - ido - imaɨ

Urɘq

book

ɘɳ-maɨ

GEN-2SG

Urɘq ɘɳ-maɨ

book GEN-2SG

Your book

Taoih is prominently a neutral alignment language. Taoih exhibits neutral alignment for case with (in)transitive verbs and also neutral alignment for agreement in both (in)transitive and ditransitive frames, the verb never shows agreement with any argument, regardless of its transitivity. For ditransitive verbs, Taoih exhibits indirective alignment.

Kuyuk

Kuyu’k

dong

give

urɘq

book

a-o-inho'a

DAT-LK-2SG

anho'a

and

a-o-ndil

DAT-LK-girl

Kuyuk dong urɘq a-o-inho'a anho'a a-o-ndil

Kuyu’k give book DAT-LK-2SG and DAT-LK-girl

"Kuyuk gives the book to you (dual) and the girl."

To mark benefactive arguments, the dative marker and preposition adeh occur before patients.

Ku

1SG

takoóh

cook

adeh

for.BEN

a-o-akoónh

DAT-LK-father

anho'a

and

a-maɨ

DAT-2SG

Ku takoóh adeh a-o-akoónh anho'a a-maɨ

1SG cook for.BEN DAT-LK-father and DAT-2SG

"I cook for father and you."

References

  1. ^ Upper Ta'Oi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Ir (Hantong) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Ong (= Ir) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Lower Ta'Oi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Ngeq (Kriang) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Mon-Khmer Classification (draft)". SEAlang. 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  3. ^ Sidwell, Paul (2005). pp. 12-15
  4. ^ Sidwell, Paul (2021). "Eastern Mon-Khmer languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 547–598. doi:10.1515/9783110558142-011.

Further reading



Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeq_language