Livingstonite
| Livingstonite | |
|---|---|
 Bright, steel-metallic livingstonite laths to 1.2 cm. on rich antimony (stibnite) ore. From the type locality in Huitzuco de los Figueroa. | |
| General | |
| Category | Sulfosalt mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | HgSb4S8 |
| IMA symbol | Lst[1] |
| Strunz classification | 2.HA.15 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | A2/a |
| Unit cell | a = 30.567(6), b = 4.015(1) c = 21.465(3) [Å]; β = 103.39°; Z = 8 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Blackish gray; in polished section, white; red in transmitted light, with deep red internal reflections |
| Crystal habit | As needles elongated [010], to 12 cm; also fibrous, massive, columnar, and in globular masses and interlaced needles. |
| Cleavage | Perfect on {001}, poor on {010} and {100} |
| Fracture | Uneven, flat surfaces |
| Tenacity | Flexible |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2 |
| Luster | Adamantine to metallic |
| Streak | Red |
| Diaphaneity | Opaque, translucent in thin fragments |
| Specific gravity | 4.8 – 4.88 meas. 4.98 calc. |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (–) |
| Refractive index | >= 2.72 |
| Pleochroism | Weak; strongly anisotropic |
| References | [2][3][4] |
Livingstonite is a mercury antimony sulfosalt mineral. It occurs in low-temperature hydrothermal veins associated with cinnabar, stibnite, sulfur and gypsum.
It was first described in 1874 for an occurrence in Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Guerrero, Mexico. It was named to honor Scottish explorer of Africa, David Livingstone.[5]
Its crystal structure was determined in 1957[6] and redetermined in 1975.[7]
References
- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/livingstonite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ http://www.mindat.org/min-2424.html Mindat
- ^ http://webmineral.com/data/Livingstonite.shtml Webmineral data
- ^ Barcena, M (1874). "On livingstonite, a new mineral". American Journal of Science. 108: 145–146.
- ^ Niizeki, N.; Buerger, M.J. (1957). "The crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 109 (1–6): 129–157. Bibcode:1957ZK....109..129N. doi:10.1524/zkri.1957.109.1-6.129. S2CID 96358610.
- ^ Srikrishnan, T.; Nowacki, W. (1975). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 141 (3–4): 174–192. Bibcode:1975ZK....141..174S. doi:10.1524/zkri.1975.141.3-4.174.
- Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) Dana's system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, 485–486