KCNQ4

KCNQ4
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2OVC, 4GOW
Identifiers
Aliases	KCNQ4, DFNA2, DFNA2A, KV7.4, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 4
External IDs	OMIM: 603537; MGI: 1926803; HomoloGene: 78107; GeneCards: KCNQ4; OMA:KCNQ4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	40,840,452 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	120,605,809 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Top expressed in
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	9132
	60613
	ENSG00000117013
	ENSMUSG00000028631
	P56696
	Q9JK97
	NM_004700; NM_172163
	NM_001081142
	NP_004691; NP_751895
	NP_001074611
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4, also known as voltage-gated potassium channel subunit K_v7.4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNQ4 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene forms a potassium channel that is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, particularly in sensory cells of the cochlea. The encoded protein can form a homomultimeric potassium channel or possibly a heteromultimeric channel in association with the protein encoded by the KCNQ3 gene.^[7]

Clinical significance

The current generated by this channel is inhibited by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 and activated by retigabine, a novel anti-convulsant drug. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type 2 (DFNA2), an autosomal dominant form of progressive hearing loss. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[7]

Ligands

ML213: KCNQ2/Q4 channel opener.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117013 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028631 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kubisch C, Schroeder BC, Friedrich T, Lutjohann B, El-Amraoui A, Marlin S, Petit C, Jentsch TJ (Mar 1999). "KCNQ4, a novel potassium channel expressed in sensory outer hair cells, is mutated in dominant deafness". Cell. 96 (3): 437–46. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80556-5. PMID 10025409.
^ Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, Robertson GA, Rudy B, Sanguinetti MC, Stuhmer W, Wang X (Dec 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels". Pharmacol Rev. 57 (4): 473–508. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.10. PMID 16382104. S2CID 219195192.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: KCNQ4 potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 4".
^ Yu H, Wu M, Townsend SD, et al. (2011). "Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure Activity Relationship of a Series of N-Aryl- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides: Characterization of ML213 as a Novel KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 Potassium Channel Opener". ACS Chem Neurosci. 2 (10): 572–577. doi:10.1021/cn200065b. PMC 3223964. PMID 22125664.

Coucke PJ, Van Hauwe P, Kelley PM, et al. (1999). "Mutations in the KCNQ4 gene are responsible for autosomal dominant deafness in four DFNA2 families". Hum. Mol. Genet. 8 (7): 1321–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/8.7.1321. PMID 10369879.
Talebizadeh Z, Kelley PM, Askew JW, et al. (2000). "Novel mutation in the KCNQ4 gene in a large kindred with dominant progressive hearing loss". Hum. Mutat. 14 (6): 493–501. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(199912)14:6<493::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 10571947. S2CID 13288075.
Selyanko AA, Hadley JK, Wood IC, et al. (2000). "Inhibition of KCNQ1-4 potassium channels expressed in mammalian cells via M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors". J. Physiol. 522 (3): 349–55. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00349.x. PMC 2269765. PMID 10713961.
Van Hauwe P, Coucke PJ, Ensink RJ, et al. (2000). "Mutations in the KCNQ4 K+ channel gene, responsible for autosomal dominant hearing loss, cluster in the channel pore region". Am. J. Med. Genet. 93 (3): 184–7. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20000731)93:3<184::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10925378.
Beisel KW, Nelson NC, Delimont DC, Fritzsch B (2001). "Longitudinal gradients of KCNQ4 expression in spiral ganglion and cochlear hair cells correlate with progressive hearing loss in DFNA2". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 82 (1–2): 137–49. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00204-7. PMID 11042367.
Søgaard R, Ljungstrøm T, Pedersen KA, et al. (2001). "KCNQ4 channels expressed in mammalian cells: functional characteristics and pharmacology". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 280 (4): C859–66. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.4.C859. PMID 11245603. S2CID 7891527.
Van Camp G, Coucke PJ, Akita J, et al. (2002). "A mutational hot spot in the KCNQ4 gene responsible for autosomal dominant hearing impairment". Hum. Mutat. 20 (1): 15–9. doi:10.1002/humu.10096. PMID 12112653. S2CID 22495155.
Stern RE, Lalwani AK (2003). "Audiologic evidence for further genetic heterogeneity at DFNA2". Acta Otolaryngol. 122 (7): 730–5. doi:10.1080/003655402/000028059. PMID 12484650.
Schwake M, Jentsch TJ, Friedrich T (2003). "A carboxy-terminal domain determines the subunit specificity of KCNQ K+ channel assembly". EMBO Rep. 4 (1): 76–81. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.embor715. PMC 1315815. PMID 12524525.
Li Y, Langlais P, Gamper N, et al. (2004). "Dual phosphorylations underlie modulation of unitary KCNQ K(+) channels by Src tyrosine kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (44): 45399–407. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408410200. PMID 15304482.
Chambard JM, Ashmore JF (2005). "Regulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ4 in the auditory pathway". Pflügers Arch. 450 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1007/s00424-004-1366-2. PMID 15660259. S2CID 21570482.
Van Laer L, Carlsson PI, Ottschytsch N, et al. (2006). "The contribution of genes involved in potassium-recycling in the inner ear to noise-induced hearing loss". Hum. Mutat. 27 (8): 786–95. doi:10.1002/humu.20360. PMID 16823764. S2CID 25357017.
Van Eyken E, Van Laer L, Fransen E, et al. (2006). "KCNQ4: a gene for age-related hearing impairment?". Hum. Mutat. 27 (10): 1007–16. doi:10.1002/humu.20375. PMID 16917933. S2CID 8912727.
Su CC, Yang JJ, Shieh JC, et al. (2007). "Identification of novel mutations in the KCNQ4 gene of patients with nonsyndromic deafness from Taiwan". Audiol. Neurootol. 12 (1): 20–6. doi:10.1159/000096154. PMID 17033161. S2CID 25256223.
Jensen HS, Grunnet M, Olesen SP (2007). "Inactivation as a New Regulatory Mechanism for Neuronal Kv7 Channels". Biophys. J. 92 (8): 2747–56. Bibcode:2007BpJ....92.2747J. doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.101287. PMC 1831682. PMID 17237198.
Howard RJ, Clark KA, Holton JM, Minor DL (2007). "Structural Insight into KCNQ (Kv7) Channel Assembly and Channelopathy". Neuron. 53 (5): 663–75. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.010. PMC 3011230. PMID 17329207.
Iannotti FA, Panza E, Barrese V, Viggiano D, Soldovieri MV, Taglialatela M (March 2010). "Expression, localization, and pharmacological role of Kv7 potassium channels in skeletal muscle proliferation, differentiation, and survival after myotoxic insults". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 332 (3): 811–20. doi:10.1124/jpet.109.162800. PMID 20040580. S2CID 17248733.
Iannotti FA, Barrese V, Formisano L, Taglialatela M (Feb 2013). "Specification of skeletal muscle differentiation by repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST)-regulated Kv7.4 potassium channels". Mol Biol Cell. 24 (3): 274–84. doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-12-1044. PMC 3564528. PMID 23242999.

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview
KCNQ4+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on DFNA2 Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117013 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028631 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10025409-5] Kubisch C, Schroeder BC, Friedrich T, Lutjohann B, El-Amraoui A, Marlin S, Petit C, Jentsch TJ (Mar 1999). "KCNQ4, a novel potassium channel expressed in sensory outer hair cells, is mutated in dominant deafness". Cell. 96 (3): 437–46. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80556-5. PMID 10025409.

[pmid16382104-6] Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, Robertson GA, Rudy B, Sanguinetti MC, Stuhmer W, Wang X (Dec 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels". Pharmacol Rev. 57 (4): 473–508. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.10. PMID 16382104. S2CID 219195192.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: KCNQ4 potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 4".

[pmid22125664-8] Yu H, Wu M, Townsend SD, et al. (2011). "Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure Activity Relationship of a Series of N-Aryl- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides: Characterization of ML213 as a Novel KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 Potassium Channel Opener". ACS Chem Neurosci. 2 (10): 572–577. doi:10.1021/cn200065b. PMC 3223964. PMID 22125664.

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