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Jules Verne Trophy

Not to be confused with Jules Verne Awards.
The Trophy, displayed at the National Maritime Museum, Paris.

The Jules Verne Trophy is a prize for the fastest circumnavigation of the world by any type of yacht with no restrictions on the size of the crew provided the vessel has registered with the organization and paid an entry fee.[1] A vessel holding the Jules Verne trophy will not necessarily hold the absolute round the world record. The trophy was first awarded to the first yacht which sailed around the world in less than 80 days. The name of the award is a reference to the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days in which Phileas Fogg traverses the planet (albeit by railroad and steamboat) in 80 days. The current holder is IDEC Sport skippered by Francis Joyon in 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds.[2]

Route

Map
Starting line

Rules

The Jules Verne Trophy is awarded to the challenger who breaks the previous Jules Verne record of the round the world voyage under sail. The winner holds the trophy until such time as his/her record has been bettered. The boats must solely be propelled by natural forces of the wind and of the crew, but the trophy is open to any type of boat with no restrictions. Crew size is not restricted either. The circumnavigation must be completed non-stop and with no physical outside assistance, although on-shore weather routing is allowed. The challengers must respect certain safety rules.[3]

History

The original idea for this competition has been attributed to Yves Le Cornec in 1985. The rules were defined in 1990. A committee was put in place to guarantee respect of the rules and fairplay. This committee included Peter Blake, Florence Arthaud, Jean-François Coste, Yvon Fauconnier, Gabrie Guilly, Robin Knox-Johnston, Titouan Lamazou, Yves Le Cornec, Bruno Peyron, Olivier de Kersauson, and Didier Ragot.

While the current holder of the trophy, Francis Joyon, also holds the around the world sailing record, this has not always been the case. In 2004 Steve Fossett broke the world record with the catamaran Cheyenne but was not awarded the trophy. According to reports, the trophy organizers requested a higher entrance fee from Fossett than from the other competitors, the difference which he refused to pay. The winner of the trophy that year was Olivier de Kersauson on Geronimo, with a time which was five days slower than Fossett's world record.[1]

Summary of intermediate records

Passage Date Time Skipper Crew Boat
Ushant-Equator 2019 4 d 19 h 57 min Yann Guichard 14 people Maxi Spindrift 2
Equator-Cape Agulhas 2021 5 d 20 h 39 min Franck Cammas 0 6 people fr:Maxi Edmond de Rothschild
Indian Ocean WSSRC 2016 5 d 21 h 09 min Francis Joyon 0 6 people IDEC sport
Pacific Ocean WSSRC 2017 7 d 15 h 15 min François Gabart singlehanded Macif
Cape Horn-Equator 2017 6 d 22 h 15 min François Gabart singlehanded Macif
Equator-Ushant 2017 5 d 19 h 21 min Francis Joyon 0 6 people IDEC sport

The best passage times are shared between 4 boats:

Adding the record times of the various intermediate routes, gives a total record round the world in 36 days 22 hours and 36 minutes, or 4 days better than the record established in 2017 by Francis Joyon on IDEC sport .

2016 record

Francis Joyon took possession of the former Groupama 3 on October 2, 2015, after three weeks of work at Multiplast, in Vannes.[4] He chose an intermediate configuration between the initial power and a reduced rigging for solo races. Closer to the lightness and ergonomics sought alone, less versatile in particular in light winds, Joyon's choices paid off during his two passages in the southern seas at the end of 2015 and again at the end of 2016, earning him numerous records. With a crew reduced to six people, IDEC Sport was ready to attempt the Jules-Verne Trophy,[5] held since 2011 by Loïck Peyron with a time of 45 days, 13 hours, 42 minutes and 53 seconds.

After an attempt in November 2016 met with unfavorable weather in the doldrums and the South Atlantic, and a shock that slightly damaged her fin, Joyon set out again on December 16, 2016 to conquer the trophy. He arrived on January 26, 2017 with a new around the world sailing record of 40 days 23 h 30 min 30 s.[6] During their 2016 attempt for the Jules-Verne Trophy, Francis Joyon and his crew[7] broke numerous intermediate records: four have been formalized and are the subject of records duly certified by the WSSRC.[8]

They made quick crossings of the southern seas starting with the Indian Ocean,[7] covering 8091,73 miles in 10 days (an average of 809 miles per day). This episode began ahead of the front of a depression which moved at a speed corresponding to the boat's potential from South America to the Pacific Ocean. During 12 days, the wind remained port tack, blowing constantly at over 30 knots, an ideal configuration for speed records. Top speeds varied between 38 and 44 knots. Due to bad seas, their speed dropped temporarily (29 knots or 700 mi (1,100 km) per day) but soon climbed back above 800 mi (1,300 km) daily.

After passing New Zealand and the Antimeridian, sailing port tack 205 degrees longitude (25 degrees West to Antimeridian) in the southern seas, the crew jibed in the transition between two depressions, and managed to catch up with the weather system in front of them over the Pacific Ocean, setting off again at more than 30 knots daily average towards Cape Horn.

Joyon rounded Cape Horn, 16 days after hitting the first left South America, after a course of nearly 12,000 mi (19,000 km) above 30 knots average (730, 16 miles per day over 16 days). He then signs a performance increase of 30 to 40% compared to Loïck Peyron's record 5 years earlier. Leaving the southern seas with a lead of 4 days 6 hours 35 min over Peyron's previous record, Joyon and his crew regained 2,800 mi (4,500 km) on the record during this stretch.

The weather conditions allowed them to optimize their course, covering 26,412 mi (42,506 km) on the ground, at an average of 26.85 knots, for a theoretical course of 22,461 mi (36,147 km). Banque Populaire V, the previous recordholder, had to cover almost 2600 more miles (29,002 miles).

Distance records broken during the 2016 campaign

While the best day of Loïck Peyron's previous record was the only day above 800 miles from his record (811 miles over 24 hours, or 33.79 knots average), Francis Joyon maintains a speed above 800 daily miles for 10 consecutive days.

It thus improves a large number of progress records by a sailboat over a given period:

Skipper Reference Distance (miles) speed (knots) speed (miles/24 h)
Joyon best 24h 00 894 37,3 894
best 48 h 01 748,2 36,42 874,1
best 72 h 02 617,7 36,36 872,57
best 4 days 03 477,4 36,22 869,35
Joyon best 5 days 04 312,57 35,94 862,51
best 6 days 05 104,16 35,45 850,7
best 8 days 06 525,14 33,99 815,64
best 10 days 08 091,73 33,71 809,17
best 12 days 09 369,03 32,53 780,75
Joyon best 16 days 11 682,62 30,42 730,16

Other records broken during the 2016 campaign

  • Boat record and the second longest distance covered by a sailboat in 24 hours with 894 miles.
  • 6 consecutive days at an average of 850.7 miles / 24 h (35.45 knots)
  • Ushant-Cape Leeuwin 17 d 06 h 59 min 45 (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 17 d 23 h 57 min)
  • Ushant-Tasmania 18 d 18 h 31 min (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 20 d 07 h 11 min)
  • Ushant-Antiméridien 20 d 07 h 01 (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 22 d 11 h 34 min)
  • Ushant-Cape Horn: 26 d 15 h 45 min (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 30 d 22 h 19 min)
  • Ecuador – Cape Leeuwin: 11 d 12 h (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 12 d 9 h 2 min)
  • Cape Agulhas-cape Leeuwin in 4 days 9 h 37 min 46 at an average speed of 35.08 knots over ground (3,705 miles) or 842 miles in 24 hours (6 days 8 min or 36% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
  • Cape Leeuwin – Cape Horn in 9 d 08 h 46 min (12 d 22 h 22 min or 38% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
  • Cape of Good Hope – Cape Horn in 13 d 20 h 13 min (19 d 00 h 31 min or 37% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
  • Cape of Good Hope – Cape Leeuwin: 4 d 11 h 31 min (6 d 02 h 09 min or 36% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record in 2011)
  • Cap Leeuwin – Cape Horn in 9 d 08 h 46 min (12 d 22 h 22 min or 38% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
  • Indian Ocean: 5 d 21 h 7 min 45 s (WSSRC reference) (8 d 07 h 23 min or 41% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
  • Pacific Ocean: 7 d 21 h 13 min 31 s (WSSRC reference) (10 d 15 h 07 min or 39% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
  • Ecuador-Ecuador record: 29 d 9 h 10 min 55 s (WSSRC reference) (32 d 11 h 52 min or 11% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
  • North Atlantic return record: 5 d 19 h 21 min (7 d 10 h 58 min or 25% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)

Jules Verne Trophy records

Year Skipper Yacht Type Time
2017 France Francis Joyon IDEC Sport Trimaran 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds[9]
2012 France Loïck Peyron Banque Populaire V Trimaran 45 days 13 hours 42 minutes 53 seconds
2010 France Franck Cammas Groupama 3 Trimaran 48 days 7 hours 44 minutes 52 seconds[10]
2005 France Bruno Peyron Orange II Catamaran 50 days 16 hours 20 minutes 4 seconds[11]
2004 France Olivier de Kersauson Geronimo Trimaran 63 days 13 hours 59 minutes 46 seconds[1]
2002 France Bruno Peyron Orange Catamaran 64 days 8 hours 37 minutes 24 seconds
1997 France Olivier de Kersauson Sport Elec Trimaran 71 days 14 hours 22 minutes 8 seconds
1994 United Kingdom Robin Knox-Johnston
New Zealand Peter Blake		 ENZA New Zealand Catamaran 74 days 22 hours 17 minutes 22 seconds
1993 France Bruno Peyron Explorer Catamaran 79 days 6 hours 15 minutes 56 seconds

Notable performances

During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2011–2012, the Banque Populaire V skippered by Loïck Peyron covered 811.70 nautical miles in 24 hours on 3 December 2011 at 11:45 UT, posting 28 days over 600 miles, including 9 days over 700 miles and 1 day over 800 miles.[12]

During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2009–2010, the trimaran Groupama 3 skippered by Franck Cammas covered 798 nautical miles in 24 hours on 13 February 2010 at 5 p.m. UT, showing 17 days over 600 miles, including 10 days over 700 miles.

During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2016–2017, the trimaran Idec sport skippered by Francis Joyon covered 894 nautical miles in 24 hours, and 10 consecutive days at 809 miles / 24 h. Francis Joyon rounds Cape Horn, 16 days after riding off of South America, and after a course of nearly 12,000 miles above an average of 30 knots (730.16 miles / 24 h over 16 days). He then signs a performance increase of between 30 and 40% compared to the record to be broken by Loïck Peyron 5 years earlier. Leaving the southern seas with a lead of 4 j 06 h 35 min over Loïck Peyron's previous record, Francis Joyon and his crew regained the equivalent of 2,800 miles on the record during this episode.

During the aborted attempt of 2019, Yann Guichard sets a new record crossing the equator in 4 days 19 h 57 min and, thanks to favorable weather conditions, lines up 4,812.1 miles from the 11th to 16th day, or 802 miles / day for 6 consecutive days.

During his record around the world Singlehanded in 2017, 24 hour distance record for François Gabart on Macif: 850,68 miles in 24h.[13]

During his attempt for the Jules Verne Trophy on December 5, 2020, Thomas Coville on fr:Sodebo Ultim 3 covered 889.9 miles in 24 hours (37.1 knots average, top speed 48.9 knots).[14]

Passage records

Skipper Date Equator Good

Hope

Cape

Agulhas

Cape

Leeuwin

Tasmania Anti

méridian

Cape Horn Equator

return

Ushant
Franck Cammas 2021 05 d 13 h 14 min 11 d 09 h 53 min 11 d 14 h 03 min resign on day 13 (rudder failure)
Thomas Coville 2020 05 d 09 h 50 min 12 d 02 h 05 min 12 d 03 h 45 min resign on day 16 (rudder failure)
Yann Guichard 2019 04 d 19 h 57 min 12 d 13 h 02 min 12 d 14 h 52 min resign on day 16 (rudder failure)
Francis Joyon 2016 05 d 18 h 59 min 12 d 19 h 28 min 12 d 21 h 22 min 17 d 06 h 59 min 18 d 18 h 31 min 20 d 07 h 04 min 26 d 15 h 45 min 35 d 04 h 09 min 40 d 23 h 30 min
Loïck Peyron 2011 05 d 14 h 55 min 11 d 21 h 48 min 11 d 23 h 49 min 17 d 23 h 57 min 20 d 07 h 11 min 22 d 11 h 34 min 30 d 22 h 19 min 38 d 02 h 46 min 45 d 13 h 42 min
Yann Guichard 2015 04 d 21 h 29 min 11 d 22 h 04 min 12 d 00 h 02 min 18 d 11 h 25 min 20 d 04 h 37 min 22 d 07 h 43 min 30 d 04 h 07 min 39 d 13 h 31 min 47 d 10 h 59 min
Francis Joyon 2015 05 d 05 h 01 min 13 d 05 h 11 min 13 d 09 h 15 min 18 d 20 h 37 min 20 d 08 h 18 min 22 d 09 h 48 min 31 d 01 h 47 min 40 d 14 h 53 min 47 d 14 h 47 min
Franck Cammas 2009 05 d 15 h 23 min 14 d 13 h 31 min 14 d 15 h 48 min 21 d 14 h 22 min 22 d 20 h 27 min 25 d 07 h 36 min 32 d 04 h 34 min 41 d 21 h 09 min 48 d 07 h 44 min
Bruno Peyron 2005 07 d 02 h 56 min 14 d 05 h 21 min 14 d 08 h 19 min 21 d 13 h 23 d 19 h 23 min 25 d 21 h 33 min 32 d 13 h 29 min 40 d 19 h 05 min 50 d 16 h 20 min
O. de Kersauson 2003 06 d 11 h 26 min 16 d 14 h 35 min 26 d 04 h 53 min 31 d 22 h 53 min 41 d 16 h 27 min 53 d 09 h 37 min 68 d 01 h 58 min[15]
Bruno Peyron 2002 07 d 22 h 18 d 18 h 40 min 29 d 07 h 22 min 34 d 09 h 20 min 42 d 02 h 52 min 53 d 04 h 49 min 64 d 08 h 37 min

Intermediate records

Skipper Date Ushant

Equator

Equator

Good Hope

Good Hope

Cape Leeuwin

Cape Leeuwin

Cape Horn

Cape Horn

Equator

Equator

Ushant

Franck Cammas 2009 5 d 13 h 14 min 5 d 20 h 39 min
Thomas Coville 2020 5 d 09 h 50 min 6 d 16 h 15 min
Yann Guichard 2019 4 d 19 h 57 min 7 d 17 h 11 min
Francis Joyon 2016 5 d 18 h 59 min 7 d 00 h 29 min 4 d 11 h 31 min 9 d 08 h 46 min 08 d 12 h 24 min 5 d 19 h 21 min
Loïck Peyron 2011 5 d 14 h 55 min 6 d 06 h 53 min 6 d 02 h 09 min 12 d 22 h 22 min 7 d 04 h 27 min 7 d 10 h 58 min
Yann Guichard 2015 4 d 21 h 29 min 7 d 00 h 35 min 6 d 13 h 21 min 12 d 06 h 03 min 9 d 09 h 24 min 7 d 21 h 28 min
Francis Joyon 2015 5 d 05 h 01 min 8 d 04 h 10 min 5 d 15 h 26 min 12 d 05 h 10 min 9 d 13 h 06 min 6 d 23 h 56 min
Franck Cammas 2009 5 d 15 h 23 min 7 d 02 h 23 min 7 d 00 h 51 min 10 d 14 h 12 min 9 d 16 h 35 min 6 d 10 h 44 min
Bruno Peyron 2005 7 d 02 h 56 min 7 d 05 h 23 min 7 d 07 h 39 min 12 d 00 h 29 min 8 d 05 h 36 min 9 d 21 h 15 min
O. de Kersauson 2003 6 d 11 h 26 min
Bruno Peyron 2002 7 d 22 h 00 min 11 d 01 h 57 min 11 d 03 h 48 min
Skipper Date Good Hope

Cape Horn

Equator

Equator

Equator

Cape Horn

Cape Horn

Ushant

Indian Ocean

WSSRC

Pacific Ocean

WSSRC

Francis Joyon 2016 13 d 20 h 13 min 29 d 09 h 10 min 20 d 20 h 46 min 14 d 07 h 45 min 5 d 21 h 09 min 7 d 21 h 14 min
Loïck Peyron 2011 19 d 00 h 31 min 32 d 11 h 51 min 25 d 07 h 23 min 14 d 15 h 25 min 8 d 07 h 23 min 10 d 15 h 07 min
Yann Guichard 2015 18 d 06 h 03 min 34 d 08 h 02 min 25 d 06 h 38 min 17 d 06 h 54 min 8 d 04 h 45 9 d 23 h 30 min
Francis Joyon 2015 17 d 20 h 36 min 35 d 13 h 52 min 26 d 00 h 46 min 16 d 13 h 02 min 7 d 00 h 00 10 d 23 h 10 min
Franck Cammas 2009 17 d 15 h 03 min 36 d 02 h 03 min 26 d 09 h 27 min 16 d 03 h 19 min 8 d 17 h 39 min 8 d 18 h 41 min
Bruno Peyron 2005 18 d 08 h 08 min 33 d 16 h 06 min 25 d 10 h 33 min 18 d 02 h 39 min 9 d 11 h 04 min 8 d 18 h 08 min
O. de Kersauson 2003 25 d 01 h 52 min
Bruno Peyron 2002 23 d 08 h 12 min 22 d 05 h 45 min

Failed record attempts

Year Skipper Yacht Type Notes
2021 France Franck Cammas Gitana 17 Trimaran rudder failure, 13 days after departure, south east of Cape Agulhas.
2020 France Thomas Coville fr:Sodebo Ultim 3 Trimaran rudder failure, 16 days after departure, south east of Kerguelen islands.
2020 France Franck Cammas Gitana 17 Trimaran Broken foil, Cape Verde 3 days after departure.
2019 France Yann Guichard Spindrift 2
formerly Banque Populaire V		 Trimaran Rudder problem, about 50 miles West of Porto, Portugal on December 4, 2019 after 23 hours from departure.
2016 France Francis Joyon IDEC 3
formerly Banque Populaire VII and Groupama 3		 Trimaran Turned around after one week due to weather window did not evolve as forecasted[16]
2015 France Francis Joyon IDEC 3
formerly Banque Populaire VII and Groupama 3		 Trimaran 47 days 14 hours 47 minutes,[17] record not broken, crossed the finish line on January 8, 2016
2015 France Yann Guichard
Switzerland Dona Bertarelli		 Spindrift 2
formerly Banque Populaire V		 Trimaran 47 days 10 hours 59 minutes,[18] record not broken, crossed the finish line on January 8, 2016
2011 France Pascal Bidégorry Banque Populaire V Trimaran Damaged centerboard, west of the Cape of Good Hope[19]
2009 France Franck Cammas Groupama 3 Trimaran

Broken aft beam bulkhead, South Africa[20]

2008 France Franck Cammas Groupama 3 Trimaran Loss of leeward float leading to capsize, New Zealand[21]
2004 France Bruno Peyron Orange II Catamaran Damaged starboard hull, Cap Verde islands
2004 France Bruno Peyron Orange II Catamaran Damaged starboard crashbox, Spain
2004 France Olivier de Kersauson Geronimo Trimaran Damaged gennaker, North Atlantic
2003 France Olivier de Kersauson Geronimo Trimaran Circumnavigation achieved, record not broken
2003 United Kingdom Ellen MacArthur Kingfisher 2
(formerly Orange)		 Catamaran Broken mast, South-East Kerguelen Islands
2002 France Olivier de Kersauson Geronimo Trimaran Damaged rudder, Brazil
2002 France Bruno Peyron Orange
(formerly Innovation Explorer)		 Catamaran Damaged mast, Ouessant
1998 United Kingdom Tracy Edwards Royal et SunAlliance
(formerly ENZA New Zealand)		 Catamaran Broken mast, Southern seas
1996 France Olivier de Kersauson Sport-Elec Trimaran Excessive delay
1995 France Olivier de Kersauson Sport-Elec
(formerly Lyonnaise des Eaux)		 Trimaran Extreme weather
1994 France Olivier de Kersauson Lyonnaise des Eaux
(formerly Charal)		 Trimaran Circumnavigation achieved, record not broken
1993 New Zealand Peter Blake
United Kingdom Robin Knox-Johnston		 ENZA New Zealand Catamaran Damaged hull, Indian Ocean
1993 France Olivier de Kersauson Charal Trimaran Damaged outrigger hull, South of Cape Town

The trophy

The "Trophy Jules Verne" was the subject of a public order of the visual arts delegation with the American artist Tom Shannon and is patroned by the French Ministry of Culture.[22]

The work is a floating hull on a magnetic field, much as an anchorage for a ship. All dimensions have rigorous symbolic meaning. The midship beam of the hull corresponds to the diameter of the Earth, the ray of each end is proportional to that of the moon and the radius of the curvature of the frames is that of the sun. The competitors of the Trophy Jules Verne race around the Earth against time, with only the sun and the moon as companions and time keepers.

The sculpture is placed on a cast aluminium base, on which the names of the sailors having won the Trophy are engraved. The Musée national de la Marine in Paris hosts and maintains the Trophy. Each winner receives a miniature of the Trophy, magnetized like the original one.

When a record is broken, an official ceremony is held for the previous record holders to hand over the trophy to the new record holders, who are given the hull and must place it in its magnetic field mooring.

See also

Competitions and prizes
Other speed sailing records

References

  1. ^ a b c Bunting, Elaine (2012-01-09). "The strange story of the Jules Verne Trophy". Yachting World. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
  2. ^ "Francis Joyon – IDEC Sport". Jules Verne Trophy.
  3. ^ a b "Rules". Trophée Jules Verne. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
  4. ^ "Launch of the maxi-trimaran IDEC Sport: the Jules Verne Trophy is becoming clearer for Francis Joyon". idecsport-sailing.com. Archived from the original on 2016-02-07. Retrieved 2020-12-03..
  5. ^ Dominic Bourgeois (October 14, 2015). "Joyon: objective three days less!". voilesetvoiliers.com..
  6. ^ IDEC SPORT, ed. (January 26, 2017). "Flash arrival Maxi Trimaran IDEC SPORT". Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Flash arrival Maxi Trimaran IDEC SPORT". adonnante.com. 26 January 2017..
  8. ^ François Lombard. "Records established for the Jules Verne Trophy". fralo.info..
  9. ^ "Francis Joyon – IDEC Sport". Jules Verne Trophy. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  10. ^ WSSR Council (2010-03-26). "WSSR Newsletter No 182". Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  11. ^ International Sailing Federation (2005-03-16). "ISAF". Retrieved 2008-02-19.World Sailing Speed Record Council (2009-02-01). "Round the World Eastbound Non-Stop Records". Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  12. ^ Trophy Jules-Verne, Partials and statistics
  13. ^ "WSSR Newsletter No 296. MACIF. Singlehanded 24 hour record 07/01/18". sailspeedrecords.com.
  14. ^ "La cartographie du Trophée Jules Verne". Archived from the original on 2020-12-07. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  15. ^ "Trophée Jules-Verne – Tentative d'Olivier de Kersauson / Geronimo – 2003"..
  16. ^ "Trophée Jules-Verne : Francis Joyon (IDEC Sport) et son équipage font demi-tour à cause des conditions de navigation". lequipe.fr. November 27, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  17. ^ IDEC completes circumnavigation
  18. ^ Spindrift arrival
  19. ^ "Banque Populaire forced to retire". sail-world. 2011-02-05.
  20. ^ Team Groupama Website (2009-11-16). "Damage, destination Cape Town". Archived from the original on 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
  21. ^ Team Groupama Website (2008-02-18). "Groupama 3 capsizes in the Pacific ocean". Archived from the original on 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
  22. ^ Stuart Alexander (1993-04-21). "Sailing: Peyron's prizeless moment: Stuart Alexander on the round-the-world sailor who returned home to find the trophy cupboard was bare". The Independent. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne_Trophy