Eisspeedway

Jesuit Missions of Moxos


Part of a series on
Spanish missions
in the Americas
of the Catholic Church
Missions in North America
Missions in South America
Related topics
icon Catholicism portal

The Jesuit Missions of Moxos are located in the Llanos de Moxos of Beni department in eastern Bolivia. Distinguished by a unique fusion of European and Amerindian cultural influences, the missions were founded as reductions or reducciones de indios by Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries to convert local tribes to Christianity.

History

Jesuit priests arriving from Santa Cruz de la Sierra began evangelizing native peoples of the region in the 1670s. They set up a series of missions near the Mamoré River for this purpose beginning with Loreto. The principal mission was established at Trinidad in 1686.[1]

In Moxos, books provided the Jesuits with information vital to the mission development.[2]

List of missions

Meireles (1989) lists the following Jesuit missions of Moxos along with their respective ethnic groups (tribes).[3]: 78–79  Founding dates and a few more additional missions are from Block (1994).[4]: 39 

Mission Founding date Location Group
Loreto 1682 Ibare River, left bank Mojo
Trinidad 1687 upper Mamoré River, right bank Mojo
San Ignacio 1689 Tijamuchi River, right bank Mojo, Rokorono
San Javier 1691 Mamoré River Mojo
San Francisco de Borja 1693 Rápulo River source Chimane,[5] Rokorono, Mojo, Movima
San Pedro 1697 Machupo River source Canichana
San Luis de Gonzaga 1698 (abandoned 1758) Rápulo River Rokorono, Mojo, Movima
Santos Reyes 1710 upper Beni River Movima, Maropa
Exaltación 1709 lower Mamoré River Cayubaba
Concepción de Baures 1708 upper Baures River Baure, Chapacura, Kitemoka, Napeka
San Joaquín 1709 Baures River Baure
Santa Ana 1719 Yacuma River Movima
San Pablo 1703 (abandoned 1710) upper Yacuma River Movima
San Simón y Judás 1744 San Martín River source Chapakura, Baure
San Nicolás 1740 San Martín River Baure
Desposorios de Mojos 1723 Yapacaní River (Rio Grande tributary), near right bank ?
Carmen de Mojos 1794[6] middle Rio Blanco, left bank Chapakura, Baure
San José 1691 (abandoned 1752) Apere River, left bank ?
San Martín 1717 San Simón River/San Martín River confluence Bauré
Santa Magdalena 1720 Machupo River Itonama
San Miguel (1) 1696 Baures River Moré, Baure
Santa Rosa (1) 1705 (abandoned 1740) upper Mamoré River
Santa Rosa (2) 1743 (abandoned 1751) Guaporé River Moré
San Simón 1746 Guaporé River Moré, Aricoroni
San Miguel (2) 1725 (abandoned 1762) Guapore River Moré, Aricoroni
San Juan Bautista 1710 (abandoned 1718) eastern savanna
Patrocinio 1730 (abandoned 1741) upper Mamoré River

Languages

The following indigenous languages, which make up much of the Mamoré-Guaporé linguistic area, were historically spoken in the missions.[3][5]: 11  Moxo was the primary lingua franca (Spanish: lengua general) used in the missions.[5]: 13 

See also

References

  1. ^ Gott, Richard (1993). Land without evil: utopian journeys across the South American watershed. London; New York: Verso. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-86091-398-6.
  2. ^ Block, David, (1983). “Missionary Libraries on the Amazonian Frontier: The Jesuits in Moxos, 1680-1767.” Journal of Library History 18 (July): 292–303.
  3. ^ a b Meireles, Denise Maldi. 1989. Guardiães da fronteira: Rio Guaporé, século XVIII. Petrópolis: Vozes. ISBN 85-326-0017-4.
  4. ^ Block, David (1994). Mission culture on the upper Amazon: native tradition, Jesuit enterprise, and secular policy in Moxos, 1660-1880. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1232-1..
  5. ^ a b c Crevels, Mily. 2002. Speakers shift and languages die: An account of language death in Amazonian Bolivia. In Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.), Current Studies on South American Languages [Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 3], p. 9-30. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS).
  6. ^ Gutiérrez, Ramón; Gutiérrez Viñuales, Rodrigo (2005). "Historia urbana de las reducciones jesuíticas sudamericanas : continuidad, rupturas y cambios (siglos XVII-XX)" (PDF): 77–78. Retrieved 25 March 2024. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos