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Jatki language

Jatki, Jadgali, and other related terms have sometimes been used to refer to one or another of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Balochistan and neighbouring parts of Sindh and Punjab.

The Jatki (Punjabi: جٹکی; Punjabi pronunciation: [d͡ʒə.ʈə̆.kiː]), is a dialect of Western Punjabi, which includes the Jhangvi, Shahpuri, and Dhani sub-dialects. These dialects are spoken in the Bar region, which encompasses several districts such as Chakwal, Talagang, Jhelum (specifically Pind Dadan Khan and Khewra), Attock, Khushab, Sargodha, Mandi Bahauddin, Hafizabad, Chiniot, Jhang, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, Okara, Sahiwal, Pakpattan, Bahawalnagar, and Vehari.

The Glottolog codes for the dialects of Jatki (Western Punjabi) are:

  • Jatki: jatki1238[1]
  • Jhangvi: jang1253[2]
  • Shahpuri: shah1266[3]
  • Dhani: dhan1272[4]

Jatki was used in 19th-century British sources for what would later be called Saraiki, as well as for Khetrani. Jaṭkī is also attested in local use in Balochistan as a name for these two languages as well as for Sindhi.[5] Jataki was used by 19th-century British writer Richard Francis Burton for a variety of the Saraiki language.[6]

Jakati is a possibly spurious name used in the Ethnologue encyclopedia for either a Romani (Gypsies) variety of Ukraine, or for the Inku language of Afghanistan.[7]

Jaḍgālī (IPA: [dʒaɖɡaːliː]) is the common name for the Jadgali language spoken in Iranian Balochistan and western parts of Pakistani Balochistan.[8] Related to the above are Jagdālī (جگدالی), and Jaghdali,[9] in use among the Balochi speakers of Dera Ghazi Khan District of southwestern Punjab for the Saraiki variety spoken there. The Arabic terms az-Zighālī and az-Zijālī refer to speakers of the Jadgali language in the diaspora in Oman and the United Arab Emirates.[10]

Jatki/Jātki: are two small distinct dialects of Sindhi language, one is spoken by Sindhi Jats of southern Sindh. The other is spoken by some northern Sindhi Jats, which is also spoken in Balochistan province.[11]

References

  1. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Jatki". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Jhangi". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Shahpuri". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  4. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Dhani". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  5. ^ Elfenbein 1990, p. 74.
  6. ^ Wagha 1990, p. 7.
  7. ^ Hammarström, Forkel & Haspelmath 2020has an entry Jakati [jat] which is said be to spoken by 29,300 people in Ukraine. The alternative names, which include 'Jat', the classification of the language as Indo-Aryan, and a note indicating 'nomadic' suggests that the denotation is an itinerant population with roots on the Indian subcontinent, i.e., 'Gypsy' in loose terminology. 29,300 is a plausible number of Gypsies, or Roma, in Ukraine related to the Roma in countries to the west, but these Roma speak and identify as a variety of Vlax [rmy] (Aleksej P. Barannikov 1934: 24-44, Marushiakova, Elena and Vesselin Popov 2014).
  8. ^ Delforooz 2008.
  9. ^ Wagha 1990, p. 6.
  10. ^ Delforooz 2008, p. 25.
  11. ^ Rahman, Tariq (2004). Language and Education: Selected Documents, 1780-2003. Chair on Quaid-i-Azam & Freedom Movement National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University. p. 461. ISBN 978-969-8329-08-2.

Bibliography

  • Abdul Haq, Mehr (1967). Multānī zabān aur us kā Urdū se taʻalluq (in Urdu). Bahāvalpūr: Urdū Akādamī.
  • Delforooz, Behrooz Barjasteh (2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. pp. 23–44. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
  • Elfenbein, Josef H. (1990). An Anthology of classical and modern Balochi literature. Vol. II: Glossary. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3447030305.
  • Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (2020). "Inku". Glottolog 4.2.1. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  • Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatki_language