Interactive representation
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Interactive representation is a proposed governance system in which elected officials have the same number of votes as the number of people that voted for them.[1] It was proposed in Oregon in 1912 by William S. U'Ren[2] and in Virginia in 2001 by Bill Redpath.[3]
History
In 1912, the People's Power League, led by William S. U'Ren,[4] proposed an amendment to the Oregon Constitution to allow each legislator to cast a number of votes equal to the number of votes he received in the last election. Under this scheme of "Government by Proxy," a legislator who received 25,000 votes would have had more voting power than two legislators who received 12,000 votes apiece. A majority of all the votes cast at the preceding election would have been required to pass a law. This proposal also would have allowed a voter to cast his vote anywhere in the state, allowing thinly spread parties to centralize their vote on one candidate. It also would have abolished the Oregon Senate and placed the state's legislative power in a single assembly of sixty members serving four-year terms. The Governor of Oregon and his defeated rivals would have been ex officio members of the Assembly and allowed to cast as many votes as his unsuccessful party candidates had received in the previous election. If a Socialist legislative candidate were defeated, for instance, then the votes of his supporters would have been cast in the Assembly by the Socialist candidate for Governor.[5] The measure failed by a vote of 71,183 to 31,020.[6]
That same year, a similar measure was contained in a proposed new Portland charter called The Short Charter. Article 22 provided simply, "A majority of all the votes cast at the election and represented in the commission, as in this article provided, shall be necessary to pass any measure. Each member of the commission shall represent in the commission the voters who elected him; and in voting on any ordinance, resolution, charter amendment, or other roll-call in the commission, each member shall cast the number of votes for or against the same by which he was elected."[7]
In culture
An interactive representation scheme was proposed in Robert Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress:
Suppose instead of election a man were qualified for office by petition signed by four thousand citizens. He would then represent those four thousand affirmatively, with no disgruntled minority, for what would have been a minority in a territorial constituency would all be free to start other petitions or join in them. All would then be represented by men of their choice. Or a man with eight thousand supporters might have two votes in this body. Difficulties, objections, practical points to be worked out— many of them! But you could work them out. . . and thereby avoid the chronic sickness of representative government, the disgruntled minority which feels— correctly!— that it has been disenfranchised.
See also
References
- ^ "Glossary". Californians for Electoral Reform. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Government by Proxy Now: Oregon Plan Would Present Ideas of Representative Lawmaking". New York Times. 1912-06-30. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Bill Redpath". The Washington Post. 2001-10-12. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ Hoag, Clarence; Hallett, George (1926). "Proportional Representation". The Macmillan Company. Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Government by Proxy Now: Oregon Plan Would Present Ideas of Representative Lawmaking". New York Times. 1912-06-30. Retrieved 2008-02-19.; Grain Growers Guide (Canada), August 7, 1912
- ^ "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1912-1914" (PDF). Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ Tyson, Robert (1912). The Twentieth Century Magazine: 292.
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