Hinterrhein, Switzerland
Hinterrhein | |
|---|---|
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 Coat of arms | |
Location of Hinterrhein  | |
  Hinterrhein  Hinterrhein | |
| Coordinates: 46°32′N 9°12′E / 46.533°N 9.200°E | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Graubünden |
| District | Viamala |
| Area | |
• Total | 48.30 km2 (18.65 sq mi) |
| Elevation (Kirche Hinterrhein) | 1,620 m (5,310 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018)[2] | |
• Total | 61 |
| • Density | 1.3/km2 (3.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 7438 |
| SFOS number | 3691 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-GR |
| Surrounded by | Blenio (TI), Malvaglia (TI), Mesocco, Nufenen, Vals |
| Website | hinterrhein SFSO statistics |
Hinterrhein (Romansh: Valragn) is a village and a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. The village is located near the start of the river Hinterrhein/Rein Posteriur, one of the two initial tributaries of the Rhine. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Splügen merged to form the new municipality of Rheinwald.
History
Hinterrhein is first mentioned in 1219 as de Reno.[3]
Geography
Hinterrhein has an area, as of 2006, of 48.4 km2 (18.7 sq mi). Of this area, 22.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 7.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (68.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[4]
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Rheinwald sub-district, of the Hinterrhine district, after 2017 it was part of the Viamala Region.[5] It is a haufendorf (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) located on the northern portal of the San Bernardino tunnel.
Demographics
Hinterrhein has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 61.[6] As of 2008, 6.4% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has stayed stable.[4]
As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 57.7% male and 42.3% female.[7] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Hinterrhein is; 9 people or 8.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 2 people or 1.9% are 10 to 14, and 6 people or 5.7% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 14 people or 13.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 19 people or 18.1% are 30 to 39, 19 people or 18.1% are 40 to 49, and 11 people or 10.5% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 14 people or 13.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 9 people or 8.6% are 70 to 79, there are 2 people or 1.9% who are 80 to 89.[8]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 76.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (12.3%), the SPS (6.5%) and the CVP (4.5%).[4]
In Hinterrhein about 44.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[4]
Hinterrhein has an unemployment rate of 0.36%. As of 2005, there were 28 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 2 people are employed in the secondary sector and there is 1 business in this sector. 11 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 4 businesses in this sector.[4]
The historical population is given in the following table:[3][7]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1781 | 171 |
| 1850 | 163 |
| 1900 | 147 |
| 1950 | 94 |
| 1960 | 86 |
| 1970 | 77 |
| 1980 | 75 |
| 1990 | 68 |
| 2000 | 105 |
Languages
Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (75.2%), with Italian being second most common (14.3%) and Portuguese being third ( 5.7%).[4]
| Languages | Census 1980 | Census 1990 | Census 2000 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |
| German | 75 | 100% | 66 | 97.06% | - | 75.2% |
| Romansh | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 1.47% | - | 1.0% |
| Italian | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 1.47% | - | 14.3% |
| Total | 75 | 100% | 68 | 100% | 105 | 100% |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Alte Landbrücke (Old Bridge) is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[9]
Climate
Between 1961 and 1990 Hinterrhein had an average of 121.4 days of rain per year and on average received 1,469 mm (57.8 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was May during which time Hinterrhein received an average of 194 mm (7.6 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 14.2 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 45 mm (1.8 in) of precipitation over 14.2 days.[10]
| Climate data for Hinterrhein (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.6 (11.1) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
6.4 (43.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (2.0) |
37 (1.5) |
65 (2.6) |
137 (5.4) |
197 (7.8) |
175 (6.9) |
171 (6.7) |
184 (7.2) |
186 (7.3) |
179 (7.0) |
150 (5.9) |
67 (2.6) |
1,598 (62.9) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 80.1 (31.5) |
63 (25) |
71.4 (28.1) |
66.5 (26.2) |
13.2 (5.2) |
8.6 (3.4) |
0.2 (0.1) |
1.1 (0.4) |
3.7 (1.5) |
17.8 (7.0) |
42.7 (16.8) |
68.8 (27.1) |
437.1 (172.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.7 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 10.1 | 13.0 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 114.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 8.9 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 5.8 | 9 | 52.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59 | 94 | 117 | 112 | 149 | 166 | 193 | 174 | 128 | 103 | 58 | 39 | 1,391 |
| Source: MeteoSwiss[11] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
- ^ a b Hinterrhein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b c d e f Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 06-Oct-2009
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz – Mutationsmeldungen 2016 accessed 16 February 2017
- ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b Graubunden in Numbers Archived 24 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
- ^ Graubunden Population Statistics Archived 27 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
- ^ Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 21.11.2008 version, (in German) accessed 06-Oct-2009
- ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1611 meters above sea level.
- ^ "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1611 meters above sea level.
External links
- Hinterrhein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
Media related to Hinterrhein GR at Wikimedia Commons
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