Galaxy Airlines Flight 203

N5532, the Lockheed L-188A Electra involved in the crash
Accident
Date	January 21, 1985
Summary	Pilot error and ground crew error
Site	Near Reno–Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada, United States 39°27′55″N 119°46′56″W / 39.465281°N 119.782223°W / 39.465281; -119.782223
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Lockheed L-188A Electra
Operator	Galaxy Airlines
Call sign	GALAXY 203
Registration	N5532
Flight origin	Reno–Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada
Destination	Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Occupants	71
Passengers	65
Crew	6
Fatalities	70
Injuries	1
Survivors	1

Galaxy Airlines Flight 203 was a Lockheed L-188 Electra 4-engine turboprop, registration N5532, operating as a non-scheduled charter flight from Reno, Nevada to Minneapolis/St Paul, which crashed on January 21, 1985, shortly after takeoff. All but one of the 71 on board died.^[1]

The flight, which was returning from a gambling and Super Bowl trip sponsored by Caesars Tahoe, took off from runway 16R at Reno-Cannon International Airport (now Reno–Tahoe International Airport) at 1:04 am on January 21, 1985. Heavy vibration started shortly after takeoff, and the pilots asked the tower for permission to make a left downwind turn, saying they needed to land. A short time later, the aircraft crashed about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) from the end of the runway and burst into flames. Debris was scattered across US Highway 395 and South Virginia Street; a store and several vehicles on the ground were damaged. Of the 71 people aboard, three initially survived. One died on January 29 and another on February 4. The sole survivor was a 17-year-old boy who was thrown clear of the aircraft and landed upright, conscious and still in his seat, on South Virginia Street.^[2][3]

The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the probable cause of the accident was

the captain's failure to control and the copilot's failure to monitor the flight path and airspeed of the aircraft. This breakdown in crew coordination followed the onset of unexpected vibration shortly after takeoff ... Contributing to the accident was the failure of ground handlers to properly close an air start access door, which led to the vibration.

The NTSB found that ground handlers did not properly close the air start access door due to an interruption in their procedures: when a supervisor realized that the headset used for communication with the flight crew was not working, he switched to using hand signals mid-routine. In the confusion the supervisor signaled the flight to taxi before the air start hose had been disconnected. After the supervisor realized his error and signaled the flight crew to make an emergency stop, the hose was successfully disconnected but the air start access door was not closed.

The report concluded that the open access door caused vibrations which distracted the pilots, though they would likely not have prevented the aircraft from reaching cruise speed and altitude – there had been reports from other Electra pilots that the vibrations ceased at higher air speeds. The pilots reduced power to all four engines simultaneously, presumably to see whether they were the source of the vibrations, and did not restore power quickly enough to prevent a stall.^[4]

A memorial called Galaxy Grove was dedicated at Rancho San Rafael in 1986. After the plaque was stolen in 2013, a two-ton granite replacement was installed.^[5]

• List of sole survivors of airline accidents or incidents

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.

• Plane Crashes Since 1970 with a Sole Survivor at airsafe.com.