Eutelsat 16B

Eutelsat 16B
Names	Hot Bird 4 (1998–2005); Atlantic Bird 4 (2006–2009); Eurobird 16 (2009–2012); Eutelsat 16B (2012–2015); ; Leased capacity:; Nilesat 103 (2005–2006)
Mission type	Communications (direct-to-home)
Operator	EUTELSAT
COSPAR ID	1998-013A
SATCAT no.	25237
Mission duration	17 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Bus	Eurostar-2000+
Manufacturer	British Aerospace and; Matra Marconi Space
Launch mass	2900 kg
Dry mass	1310 kg
Power	5500 watts
Start of mission
Launch date	27 February 1998, 22:38:00 UTC
Rocket	Ariane 42P H10-3
Launch site	Centre Spatial Guyanais, ELA-2
Contractor	Arianespace
End of mission
Disposal	Graveyard orbit
Deactivated	2015
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric orbit
Regime	Geostationary orbit
Longitude	13° East (1998–2005); 7° West (2005–2009); 16° East (2009–2015)
Slot	Hot Bird (1998–2005)
Transponders
Band	20 Ku-band
Coverage area	Africa, Middle East, Asia
	Hot Bird program

Eutelsat 16B, formerly known as Hot Bird 4, Nilesat 103, Atlantic Bird 4, and Eurobird 16, is a communications satellite owned and operated by Eutelsat. The satellite was retired in 2015 and was moved into a graveyard orbit above the geostationary belt.

Spacecraft

Hot Bird 4 was a geostationary communications spacecraft of the European Eutelsat consortium. With a constellation of 5 satellites, the Hot Bird family at 13° East formed one of the largest broadcasting systems in the world. By fourth-quarter 1998, the system was delivering over 320 analogue and digital television channels, as well as radio and multimedia services, to more than 70 million homes connected to a cable network or equipped for satellite (direct-to-home) reception. The Hot Bird satellites provided full coverage of Europe and also took in parts of Africa and Asia, including the entire Middle East. In addition to the basic Widebeam and Superbeam, Hot Bird 3 and Hot Bird 4 were equipped with a Steerable Beam which could be oriented anywhere visible from 13° East, either northern or southern hemispheres. Hot Bird 4 and Hot Bird 5 were the first in the world to be equipped with SKYPLEX for on-board multiplexing of digital signals into a single DVB stream which could be received in the downlink by standard IRDs.^[2]

Launch

The satellite was launched on 27 February 1998 at 22:38:00 UTC, from the Centre Spatial Guyanais in Kourou by an Ariane 42P launcher under the name of Hot Bird 4, under Eutelsat's Hot Bird brand.^[3]

Orbit

The satellite was positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 13° East, co-located with the rest of the Hot Bird constellation. Following the launches of Hot Bird 7A and Hot Bird 8 in 2006, the satellite was moved to 7° West under the Atlantic Bird brand, and renamed Atlantic Bird 4. During this time, some of the satellite's capacity was leased to Egyptian operator Nilesat, who marketed the satellite as Nilesat 103.

Mission

Nilesat used the satellite, alongside Nilesat 101 and Nilesat 102 which were located in the same orbital slot, to provide direct-to-home digital TV channels, data transmission, turbo internet, and multicasting applications to more than 15 million viewers in the North African and Middle East region.

In April 2009, the satellite was repositioned to 16° East and renamed Eurobird 16 as part of Eutelsat's Eurobird brand; it was replaced at 7° West by Atlantic Bird 4A. In March 2012, the satellite was renamed Eutelsat 16B when the company unified its brand name.^[3]