Eisspeedway

Edward Leung

For the former Hong Kong Executive Council member, see Edward Leong.
In this Hong Kong name, the surname is Leung. In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Edward Leung and the Chinese-style name is Leung Tin-kei.

Edward Leung
梁天琦
Leung in 2015
Spokesman of Hong Kong Indigenous
In office
January 2015 – 18 December 2017
Personal details
Born (1991-06-02) 2 June 1991 (age 33)
Wuhan, Hubei, China
Political partyHong Kong Indigenous
ResidenceHong Kong
EducationShung Tak Catholic English College
Alma materUniversity of Hong Kong (BA)
OccupationPolitician
Known forHong Kong independence
2016 Mong Kok civil unrest
Signature
Chinese name
Chinese梁天琦
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLiáng Tiānqí
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationLèuhng Tīn kèih
JyutpingLoeng4 Tin1-kei4

Edward Leung Tin-kei (Chinese: 梁天琦; born 2 June 1991) is a Hong Kong politician and activist. He is the former spokesperson of Hong Kong Indigenous, a localist group. He advocates Hong Kong independence, and coined the slogan "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" during the 2016 by-election, which was later widely used in 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.

Leung contested the 2016 New Territories East Legislative Council by-election, representing Hong Kong Indigenous. In February 2016, he was arrested in the Mong Kok civil unrest, but despite that his popularity rose. In the election, he received more than 66,000 votes, around 15 per cent of total votes. This led the Hong Kong government to require future candidates a written declaration to confirm their political stance. Leung signed the declaration, giving up his pro-independence stance in the 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election in September. He was barred from running in the election because the electoral officer was not convinced by his declaration.

In December 2017, he resigned from his position as spokesperson of Hong Kong Indigenous. In the same year, Lost in the Fumes, an award-winning documentary based on his story, was released. In June 2018, he was convicted of rioting and assaulting a police officer during the Mong Kok unrest and sentenced to jail for six years.[1] In 2019, a jury reached a verdict of not guilty in his trial for rioting in Portland Street, Mong Kok.

Leung served four years of his sentence in maximum-security prison, before his early release in early 2022 for good behaviour.

In 2019, Leung was recognised by Time magazine on its 100 Next, a list of rising stars expected to shape the future.[2] The magazine called him a spiritual leader of the 2019 Hong Kong protests,[2] which is a leaderless movement.[3]

Early life

Edward Leung was born into a wealthy family in Wuhan, Hubei, China. He moved to Hong Kong at the age of one with his mother.[4][5][6] His great-grandfather was killed by the Chinese Communist Party and his properties were confiscated.[6][7] Leung's grandfather studied in British Hong Kong, later returned to Shanghai to study Economic Management at Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics (now Shanghai University of Finance and Economics).[6] In 1953, Leung's grandfather graduated from the university, and was allocated to work in Xinjiang Province Bureau of Mine for seven years, later resided in Zhuhai.[7][6]

In 1979, the rehabilitation policy after Cultural Revolution returned the previously confiscated properties to Leung's family.[6] In Summer 1990, Leung's father met his wife in Wuhan,[8] the couple registered in Wuhan and Leung's mother resigned her job shortly after.[6] On 2 June 1991, Leung was born in Hubei Province.[7][6][9] In the following year, Leung followed his mother to reside in Hong Kong.[10][8][6][11][12] In 2000, Leung's parents invested in restaurants in Wuhan, but took a loss due to SARS and Avian Influenza.[6]

Leung's father was a college teacher with expertise in Chinese history, Chinese language and Buddhism.[12] He had a strong interest in contemporary Chinese history[8][7] and taught Leung histories of Hong Kong and world history. Leung's mother worked as a housewife after moving to Hong Kong[8] and later worked as a tutor,[12] teaching Leung literacy.

Social movement

When Leung was young, he questioned the rationale behind political events such as the Handover of Hong Kong[8] in 1997 and the yearly Hong Kong 1 July marches in 2003.[12] His parents were excited with these events and explained to Leung about their meanings.[12] He completed his college studies at Shung Tak Catholic English College in Yuen Long District. In 2008, aged 17, for the first time he participated in memorials for the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and 1 July marches. He then realised Hong Kong people protest to pursuit democracy and felt touched with their passion to preserve the truth of history.[12]

In the same year, Leung started to participate in various social movements,[12] and felt proud of driving the society forward.[12] He studied at the University of Hong Kong, majoring in Philosophy with a minor in Politics and Public Administration,[8][9][13][14] and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 2016.[15] He felt disappointed with the Hong Kong government ignoring the will of people, forcibly passing the Express Rail Grant and postponing the implementation of dual universal suffrage.[12]

He was a member of Ricci Hall, HKU and led its development actively.[8] In his third year, he was elected as the president of Ricci Hall Student Association, HKU,[16] and led the Hall to win HKU Sports Championship ──Malayan Cup.[8] In Summer 2014, People's Republic of China has passed the "831 decision" and White paper, this led him to believe that the HKSAR government had decided to ignore the promise made in Sino-British Joint Declaration.[17] In September 2014, Umbrella Revolution erupted, besides part-timing in an art gallery and studying, Leung spent most of his time joining the movement.[8] On 30 November, Leung and a group of protesters occupied the Central Government Complex, in response to the call from Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism.[8] After facing clearance from Hong Kong Police Special Tactical Squad, he believed occupational movements could not lead to changes.[17] His graduation was delayed to 2016.[18]

Political involvement

In 2015, Localist camp Hong Kong Indigenous was founded,[19] to support street hawkers near districts of Sham Shui Po and Mong Kok.[18] In March 2015, under the referral from his classmate, Leung met Ray Wong, another political activist, but was unable to join Hong Kong Indigenous.[17][18] Based on their common ideology, Leung was invited to be the spokesperson of the aforementioned group.[18][17][19][20] Leung and Wong founded "Channel i" on October of the same year, acting as shareholder and CEO.[21]

2016 New Territories East by-election and Mong Kok unrest

Leung after the polling of the 2016 by-election.

In December 2015, Leung decided to participate 2016 New Territories East by-election, with the aim of promoting Localism ideology, testing his approval rate,[20] and encouraging young politicians.[18] On 15 January 2016, Leung was nominated to represent Hong Kong Indigenous to run for New Territories East by-election,[19][22][23] and was endorsed by Youngspiration, another localist group.[24] But the public was not confident that Leung would have enough votes to even retrieve election deposit.[25] Leung organized a small election parade in Sheung Shui,[26] to explain the social problems brought by parallel importers, and was not interfered by the police.[18]

In February 2016, two street vendors were arrested.[18] At 8pm on 8 February, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department officers attempted to drive away street vendors in Mong Kok,[27][28] Leung and Hong Kong Indigenous members assisted vendors to move to Portland Street,[29][30] while calling help from social network to protect vendors,[31][32] the solidarity at midnight elevated to civil unrest between protesters and the police.[8][19][33][34][35] In order to protect the protesters, Leung announced election parade during the riot[26] and refused to leave.[36] People gathered at Mong Kok streets and committed arson at Nathan Road, confronting riot police.[33][37]

Leung and 20 other Hong Kong Indigenous members were later arrested by police at Mong Kok.[19][34][38][39][40] However, Leung received supports from other political organizations and activists such as Youngspiration, Civic Passion, LegCo councilor Wong Yuk-man, Chin Wan.[20][41][42][43] They helped Leung to set up street election stations, while comparatively, Electoral Affairs Commission claims that wordings such as "Autonomy", 'Independence" violated Hong Kong Basic Law, and refused to mail Leung's promotional letter.[44] On 28 February, Leung lost the by-election with 66,524 votes(15.3%), behind Alvin Yeung (160,880 votes) and Holden Chow (150,329 votes).[45][46]

Barred from running in 2016 Legislative Council election

Edward Leung and Baggio Leung thanked voters' supports in September 2016.
Main article: 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy

After the by-election, Leung decided to participate in the 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election.[47][48] At that time, Leung and Ray Wong were invited to join InterEthnic InterFaith Leadership Conference in Dharamshala, India, organized by 14th Dalai Lama.[49][50] Leung and Dalai Lama held a meeting at Jokhang for two hours, the latter encourage Hong Kong people to persevere.[51][52]

In July 2016, Electoral Affairs Commission released new election measures, directed against activists with Hong Kong Independence stance, requiring all candidates to sign declarations to confirm their support to Basic Law, and Hong Kong is an inseparable part of China as stated in the Basic Law.[47][53][54]

Leung applied to elect for New Territories East District,[55] and initially refused to sign the declaration and asked for judicial review.[47] On 22 July, Leung received an email from Electoral Affairs Commission, asking clarification on Leung's pro-Independence political stance.[55][56][57]

For this, Leung and Avery Ng sought judicial review with the High Court, claiming Electoral Affairs Commission has acted in excess of their authority, criticizing HKSAR Government's political censorship.[58] However, the judges ruled that there was no urgency before the end of nomination and refused to approve judicial review immediately.[58] Leung eventually decided to sign the declaration, claiming to support the Hong Kong Basic Law and declaring loyalty to HKSAR, and no longer advocating independence.[14][55][59][60][61][62]

In the end, six allegedly pro-independence nominees, including Leung[63] and Hong Kong National Party convener Chan Ho-tin, were disqualified by the committee,[14][64] the reason being the returning officer refused to believe their claims were genuine.[65][14][66][62][67][68] On 5 August, Leung and 2,500 pro-independence supporters rallied, claiming it was the first rally supporting Hong Kong Independence.[64]

Aftermath

In August 2016, Leung uploaded a video on Facebook, claiming he had been tracked for a month. Facebook quickly deleted the video and barred Leung's account from posting for 24 hours when Leung attempted to re-upload it.[69] On 15 August, Leung was stalked by Ta Kung Pao reporters.[70] Leung photographed the stalker and conflict occurred in Tai Koo Station,[71][72] police arrived and filed the case as dispute, later changed to public fighting because the stalker claimed that Leung had assaulted him.[73]

Meanwhile, Ta Kung Pao continuously dug information on Leung's background, including his birthplace and ancestry.[6][21] In September, Leung and Ray Wong participated in Seventh International Conference of Tibet Support Groups, organized in Brussels, Belgium.[74] Leung revealed he would submit an election petition when the election results were published on Hong Kong Government Gazette,[65] On 7 October, Leung submitted the election petition on his disqualification.[75]

On the other hand, Leung was charged of rioting and inciting riot after the Mong Kok civil unrest.[76] On 18 December 2017, Hong Kong Indigenous issued a statement, announcing Leung has resigned his membership and spokesperson duty.[22][77]

Imprisonment

Leung outside High Court of Hong Kong in December 2017.

On 18 January 2018, Leung and five other protesters were called in court on riot charges,[78] Leung and Ray Wong were also charged with inciting riots[29] between 8 and 9 February 2016 at Portland Street, Mong Kok,[18][79] and police assault charges.[80]

On 22 January 2018, Leung pleaded guilty of assault charges, but denied rioting and inciting riot. He was instantly remanded in custody.[80] On 18 May 9 jurors reached a unanimous verdict that Leung was guilty of rioting and assault charges,[81][82][83] but was acquitted on inciting riots.[29] He was later sentenced to 6 years in prison.[35][84][85] It is believed that Leung's lengthy sentence was intended to intimidate activists and squelch political protest.[86]

On 5 March 2020, local media reported that Leung had been transferred to a maximum-security prison.[87]

Appeal

During the jail time, Leung appealed his charges and sentence, and applied for legal aid.[79][88] In March 2019, jurors ruled with 7:2 ratio that Leung was not guilty in a second rioting case pertaining to the same night in 2016 as the other one.[89] In October 2019 Leung launched a crowdfunding campaign for his appeal, and received over 450,000 Hong Kong dollars in 15 minutes.[90] On 29 April 2020, Leung lost an appeal against his six-year jail term.[91]

Release

Leung was released from Shek Pik Prison on 19 January 2022 on after serving four years of his six-year sentence. After his release, he deleted his Facebook page.[92] He stated that he would not give any interviews or receive visits, and must observe a supervision order.[93]

Political stance

Leung was educated in Hong Kong. This has shaped his values and deep passions to Hong Kong.[12] He was also inspired by The Social Contract by French thinker, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Hong Kong City-state by Chin Wan.[8] Leung has identified himself as a radical localist loyal to Hong Kong,[6] promoting localism,[94] and openly support, advocate Hong Kong Independence.[14][95] He refused to identify himself as a Chinese,[7] asserting Hong Kong's ability to be independent,[95] and is an inevitable trend.[96]

Leung initially wanted to incorporate localism ideology into mainstream political agenda, and provide the rights for Hong Kong people to determine their future.[97] He believed his by-election approval rate is an alarm to the government.[98] Another main goal is to de-colonize Hong Kong.[96] Leung also believes that the core values and systems of Hong Kong are slowly corroded by China[99] and anyone can be considered Hong Kong people if he or she is willing to defend Hong Kong's core values, respect Hong Kong culture, and willing to merge and maintain Hong Kong's codes and systems.[99] He also believes localism supporters need a councilor to represent their wills.

In accordance with Hong Kong Indigenous' theme "Valiant", Leung believes Valiant is a mindset instead of behaviour, also agreeing sometimes it could be associated to violence.[26] However, he agrees more aggressive ways are required to counter the government's unfair, corrupted system,[100] even at the cost of sacrificing one's life.[7] He also mentioned "no bottom line" does not necessarily mean at all costs.[101] In 2015, Leung and Ray Wong advocated protesters to use Black bloc strategy to protect each other,[102] yet he did not deny the actions of throwing rocks and arson, during Monk Kok civil unrest.[103] After his disqualification, he believes revolution is the only way out.[104] He also mentioned that to confront an evil government, actions should not be confined with "no violence", everything must be done to counter suppression. He expects Hong Kong revolution will require at least 16 years to succeed.[105]

In 2017, Leung decided to temporarily halt pushing independence.[106] In 2018, Leung revealed his wish for Localist and Democrats to reach a consensus, resolve differences and stand united against the government.[107]

In 2019, Leung wrote an open letter to support Anti-extradition bill protesters, but also implored protesters not to risk their lives and be dominated by hatred.[108]

Influences

Edward Leung is a protester after the Umbrella Revolution.[109] Hong Kong Indigenous approves Leung's successful effort to incorporate localism into mainstream political stage.[22] During the 2016 by-election, compared to other candidates who condemned protesters' violence,[39] Leung was able to garner votes from more radical voters,[98] raising his fame[94] and ultimately his final number of votes had exceeded the expectations of many.[110] This was widely seen as signifying the rise of localism[111] and a strong inspiration in the upcoming Legislative Council election.[94][46][109]

Leung also claimed that, after the by-election, localism effectively became the third power in Hong Kong Politics, alongside Pro-democracy groups and Pro-Beijing groups.[46] Leung's candidature for the Legco election triggered polar reactions.[104] Also, the HKSAR government, just before the nomination period ended, abruptly requested candidate to sign confirmation,[112] declaring support to Hong Kong Basic Law and promise loyalty to HKSAR.[113] This led to Leung's disqualification.[114] Later Leung was sentenced to 6 years in prison due to participation in the 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest.

Tai Kung Pao once commented on Leung's clear mind, quick response, and excellent communication skills,[115] believing HKSAR Government need to treat the by-election results seriously.[116] Former Chief Executive of Hong Kong Leung Chun-Ying criticized Leung's behaviour.[102][117] Since Leung was born in China, he was once accused of improvising his localist stance.[10] His life and political career were documented in the film Lost in the Fumes in 2017,[109][118][119] an award-winning biographical documentary by Nora Lam. However, no mainstream cinema in Hong Kong was willing to screen the film, renewing fears about self-censorship and suppress of freedom of speech.[120]

In November 2019, Leung was nominated by Time on its "100 Next" as one of the top 100 rising stars predicted to shape the world's future. Time commented that although Leung has been jailed since 2016, Anti-extradition Bill protesters treated him as a spiritual leader. "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" slogan was widely used and Lost in the fumes was a highly successful political documentary.[121]

The late businessman Stanley Ho and Leung are both HKU alumni.[122] On 27 May 2020, HKU uploaded several group photographs, dated on 18 February 2014 at Ricci Hall 85th Anniversary with other alumni to show condolences, but Leung's part was found to be intentionally scrapped.[123] This was widely condemned as self-censorship and wiping history[122] in order to be "politically correct". HKU responded that their intention was to make the main character Stanley Ho stand out from the crowd. However, by cutting Leung away, Stanley Ho's lower body was scrapped and he was not centered in the picture anymore.[124] After wide criticization, HKU replaced with the original photograph after two hours.[125]

See also

References

  1. ^ Lau, Chris; Lam, Jeffie (11 June 2018). "Hong Kong activist Edward Leung, the face of city's independence movement, jailed for six years over Mong Kok riot". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Time 100 Next 2019: Edward Leung". Time. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  3. ^ McLaughlin, Timothy (31 October 2019). "Meet the Spiritual Leader of the Hong Kong Protests". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  4. ^ Tong, Elson (31 July 2016). "The Edward Leung question: How does a mainland immigrant become a HK localist?". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  5. ^ "本土身份遭質疑 梁天琦認非香港出生". Oriental Daily News. 5 March 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 施文達和汪子文 (16 August 2016). "梁天琦何來「反共家仇」 出生屋出售套現百萬". Ta Kung Pao (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f 關震海 (12 June 2016). "2016梁天琦：震懾與現實". Ming Pao Weekly (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 陳倩兒和黃銘浩 (1 March 2016). "從「暴動」到選舉，本土新生代梁天琦說：我不想失敗，我想贏" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  9. ^ a b 澁谷司 (22 June 2018). 当局に少し反抗しただけでも重罪となる香港 (in Japanese). BLOGOS [ja]. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  10. ^ a b "政Whats噏：被指扮本土 梁天琦認非港出生". Oriental Daily News (in Traditional Chinese). 5 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  11. ^ 林俊謙 (6 March 2016). "梁天琦認非香港出生". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "【暴動罪審訊】梁天琦自辯：香港塑我價值觀 反高鐵反政改「失望而回」". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 17 April 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  13. ^ "關於我" (in Traditional Chinese). 梁天琦 Edward Leung. 2016年. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  14. ^ a b c d e Joyce Ng、Tony Cheung和Owen Fung (19 July 2016). "Protests shut down electoral commission briefing as Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung disqualified from Legco elections". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  15. ^ 黎彩燕 (17 April 2018). "【旺角騷亂案】梁天琦：的士被困砵蘭街 市民認為警借故增警力" (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong In-media. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Past Ricci Hall Students' Association Members". 利瑪竇宿舍. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  17. ^ a b c d "【暴動罪審訊】梁天琦：佔領後什麼都無變 反問自己「仍可做什麼」". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 17 April 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h 黎彩燕 (17 April 2018). "【旺角騷亂案】梁天琦：的士被困砵蘭街 市民認為警借故增警力" (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong In-media. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  19. ^ a b c d e 馮巧欣 (9 February 2016). "【旺角黑夜】本民前梁天琦被捕" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港01. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  20. ^ a b c 陳建平 (11 January 2016). "本民前梁天琦獲青政支持". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  21. ^ a b 施文達和汪子文 (15 August 2016). "住酒店公寓Audi代步 「雙失」梁天琦豪出奇". Ta Kung Pao (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  22. ^ a b c "梁天琦退出本民前 想審訊前陪至親". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  23. ^ "Nominations for the 2016 Legislative Council New Territories East Geographical Constituency By-Election". 香港特別行政區政府. 18 January 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  24. ^ "本民前梁天琦獲青政支持". Apple Daily. 11 January 2016.
  25. ^ "【新東補選】最後衝刺拉票擦出火花楊岳橋梁天琦握手". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 28 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  26. ^ a b c "【暴動罪重審】梁天琦：「勇武」是心態多於行為 有市民可能聯想武力". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  27. ^ "【短片】【旺角騷亂】警方拘捕24示威者48警員受傷1人昏迷". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  28. ^ Nash Jenkins和Rishi Iyengar (9 February 2016). "Hong Kong Sees Violent Start to Chinese New Year as Protesters Clash With Police". Time. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  29. ^ a b c 蘇曉欣 (19 May 2016). "旺角騷亂案 煽惑暴動罪脫 暴動罪成 梁天琦微笑說bye bye". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  30. ^ "La " révolution des boulettes de poisson " perturbe les festivités du Nouvel An chinois à Hong Kong". Vice (in French). 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  31. ^ "【短片】【A1頭條】本土派號召300人旺角撐小販警開兩槍". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  32. ^ "【短片】【旺角衝突】兩年「進化」真勇武？本民前：掟磚唔算激烈". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  33. ^ a b "【旺角衝突】防暴警出動本土派籲群眾「自己執生」". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  34. ^ a b Chris Lau、Danny Lee、Joyce Ng、Clifford Lo、Nikki Sun和Stuart Lau (9 February 2016). "Shots fired and bricks thrown: Hong Kong tense after Mong Kok mob violence on first day of Lunar New Year". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  35. ^ a b 法新社 (11 June 2018). "Hong Kong jails independence leader Edward Leung for six years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  36. ^ 香港商業電台 (9 February 2016). "本土民主前線稱梁天琦被捕" (in Traditional Chinese). Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  37. ^ 陳永武和梁融軒 (9 February 2016). "【旺角黑夜：激戰】有人在彌敦道縱火 多名警員示威者跌倒" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港01. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  38. ^ 香港商業電台 (9 February 2016). "本土民主前線稱梁天琦被捕" (in Traditional Chinese). Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  39. ^ a b Owen Fung和Allen Au-yeung (9 February 2016). "Legco election candidates line up to condemn Mong Kok violence amid calls for an explanation from Hong Kong Indigenous". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  40. ^ "【旺角衝突】本民前稱警上門圖強行入屋約20成員義工被捕". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 10 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  41. ^ "【新東補選】本民前梁天琦參選 稱獲青年新政支持 若進議會拉布點人數「是基本」". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  42. ^ 京辰 (18 February 2016). "立會議員黃毓民撐「本土」戰新東". Wen Wei Po (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  43. ^ Chantal Yuen (26 February 2016). "Who came out for whom? Famous figures and who they backed on by-election day". 香港自由新聞. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  44. ^ "梁天琦競選單張被指違反基本法" (in Traditional Chinese). now新聞. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  45. ^ "選舉結果" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港特別行政區政府. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  46. ^ a b c 郭予真 (31 August 2016). "【決戰立會倒數】二月揚言「三分天下」本土派將驗收成果 學者：不看議席看票數" (in Traditional Chinese). 852郵報. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  47. ^ a b c Ng, Joyce; Ng, Kang-chung (19 July 2016). "'Accept Hong Kong is part of China or you can't run in Legco elections'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  48. ^ Kris Cheng (29 July 2016). "Localists submit nomination for 'substitute candidate' in LegCo election". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  49. ^ "黃台仰將赴印度出席達賴喇嘛活動：「想識下啲真分離分子」" (in Traditional Chinese). 本土新聞. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  50. ^ "黃台仰申請印度簽證無故被拒 可能無法出席達賴主辦青年領袖研習營" (in Traditional Chinese). 本土新聞. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  51. ^ "獨家：60民間人士與達賴會面 梁天琦說機會難得（視頻）" (in Traditional Chinese). 自由亞洲電台. 29 April 2016. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  52. ^ "達賴喇嘛晤梁天琦兩小時冀港人堅毅勿放棄". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 30 April 2016. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  53. ^ 鄧子盈 (25 July 2016). "【立會選戰】確認書法律基礎成疑 難取消參選人資格" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  54. ^ 野嶋剛 (2 September 2016). 立法会選挙と香港の未来：香港政治が専門の立教大学准教授倉田徹さんに聞く (in Japanese). 日本網. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  55. ^ a b c "梁天琦指當選目標較手段重要 回覆選舉主任：不會續推港獨 真誠擁護《基本法》". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  56. ^ Kris Cheng (26 July 2016). "Election officials email more pro-independence LegCo candidates asking about political stance". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  57. ^ Kris Cheng (2 August 2016). "Edward Leung has not genuinely switched from pro-independence stance, says election official". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  58. ^ a b Eddie Lee和Owen Fung (5 August 2016). "Setback to legal challenge against new Hong Kong election rule". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  59. ^ "梁天琦簽確認書否認推港獨 坦承為能參選 務求不留把柄". Hong Kong Economic Journal. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  60. ^ Tsang, Emily; Cheung, Elizabeth (30 July 2016). "Hong Kong National Party convenor disqualified from running in Legislative Council polls". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  61. ^ Owen Fung (28 July 2016). "Hong Kong localist gives in to election rule while others stick to their guns and are cleared to run". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  62. ^ a b Joyce Ng (3 August 2016). "Lawyers question power of returning officers to disqualify Hong Kong poll candidates". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  63. ^ "梁天琦遭選管會 取消參選資格". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  64. ^ a b Ng, Joyce; Cheung, Tony; Fung, Owen (5 August 2016). "'Accept Hong Kong is part of China or you can't run in Legco elections'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  65. ^ a b "梁天琦擬提選舉呈請 若勝訴或將觸發重選 聆訊期間不礙立會運作". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 6 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  66. ^ Kris Cheng (2 August 2016). "Edward Leung has not genuinely switched from pro-independence stance, says election official". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  67. ^ "【選管會通知全文】禁梁天琦參選 選舉主任：不信真正改變了主張港獨立場". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  68. ^ 共同通訊社 (2 August 2018). 有力候補を「香港独立派」と選管が不受理「中国共産党下に民主主義はない」. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  69. ^ "FB刪被「阿爺嘅」跟蹤短片 梁天琦再上載 遭FB禁止發帖". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 9 August 2016. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  70. ^ "梁天琦指遭黑車跟蹤1個月 對方自稱「阿爺嘅」". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  71. ^ "梁天琦太古站涉打架". Oriental Daily News (in Traditional Chinese). 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  72. ^ "【蘋民直擊】【足本字幕】梁天琦被狗仔隊跟 太古站與人打鬥". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 14 August 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  73. ^ "梁天琦斥被挑釁 左報狗仔隊晚上先發制人報警稱被襲". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 14 August 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  74. ^ "港獨、藏獨合流？港媒如此觀察…". Liberty Times (in Traditional Chinese). 14 August 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  75. ^ Eddie Lee (7 October 2016). "Hong Kong independence advocate Edward Leung files legal petition over Legco elections ban". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  76. ^ 勞東來和羅日昇 (29 June 2016). "旺角騷亂 黃台仰梁天琦轉高院審". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  77. ^ "梁天琦退出本民前 青政否認戰補選". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  78. ^ Venus Wu (18 January 2018). "Hong Kong pro-independence protest leader appears in court for 'rioting'". 路透社. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  79. ^ a b 蘇曉欣、蔡少玲和鄭語霆 (25 March 2019). "【旺角騷亂】重審梁天琦暴動罪名不成立 「美國隊長」三項罪成還柙". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  80. ^ a b "【暴動罪審訊】梁天琦認襲警 黃家駒認暴動罪 即時還押". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 22 January 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  81. ^ "【暴動罪審訊】梁天琦砵蘭街暴動罪脫 仍須就一暴動一襲警罪服刑". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  82. ^ "梁天琦獄中閱沙特劇作《無處可逃》 準備修讀第二個學士學位". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 5 July 2018. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  83. ^ Chris Lau和Jasmine Siu (18 May 2018). "Hong Kong independence activist Edward Leung found guilty of rioting but cleared of incitement over Mong Kok unrest". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  84. ^ "Le chef des indépendantistes de Hongkong condamné à 6 ans de prison". Le Temps (in French). 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  85. ^ 香港独立派の活動家に禁錮6年 2016年の暴動で有罪 (in Japanese). 法新社. 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  86. ^ "In a Possible First for Hong Kong, Activists Wanted by Police Gain Protection in Germany". The New York Times. 21 May 2019.
  87. ^ Wong, Rachel (6 March 2020). "Ex-localist leader Edward Leung transferred to maximum-security prison – report". HKFP. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  88. ^ 林俊謙 (5 July 2018). "梁天琦獄中讀第二學位". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  89. ^ Chan, Holmes (22 March 2019). "Localist activist Edward Leung cleared of second rioting charge during 2016 Mong Kok unrest". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  90. ^ Cheng, Kris (5 October 2019). "Crowdfunding campaign for jailed activist Edward Leung's appeal surpasses HK$350,000 goal within 15 minutes". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  91. ^ Pang, Jessie (29 April 2020). "Hong Kong court rejects appeal by protest leader Edward Leung". Reuters. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  92. ^ Cheng, Selina (19 January 2022). "Hong Kong independence activist Edward Leung released after serving 4 years in jail". Hong Kong Free Press.
  93. ^ "Edward Leung released from jail". Radio Television Hong Kong. 19 January 2022.
  94. ^ a b c "【短片】【新東補選】馬嶽：本土派有市場料更多名單爭泛民票源". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  95. ^ a b 蔡曉穎 (3 September 2016). "特寫：為何部分香港年青人支持「港獨」？" (in Traditional Chinese). 英國廣播公司新聞網. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  96. ^ a b 湯惠芸 (30 May 2016). "香港多個新興政團指港獨是必然趨勢" (in Traditional Chinese). Voice of America. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  97. ^ 陳建平 (11 January 2016). "本民前梁天琦獲青政支持". Apple Daily (Hong Kong)》 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  98. ^ a b 湯惠芸 (29 February 2016). "香港新東立會補選泛民險勝 本土派得票第三" (in Traditional Chinese). Voice of America. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  99. ^ a b 蔡曉穎 (6 May 2016). "BBC中文周末閱讀：中港矛盾催生本土意識" (in Traditional Chinese). 英國廣播公司新聞網. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  100. ^ "梁天琦贊成更激進手法 對抗政府不公制度" (in Traditional Chinese). 巴士的報. 18 February 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  101. ^ 林嘉瑜 (2 March 2016). "梁天琦：「沒底線」不代表完全不計較後果" (in Traditional Chinese). RTHK. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  102. ^ a b 鄭治祖 (28 May 2018). "梁振英再批梁天琦及《蘋果》". Wen Wei Po (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  103. ^ 延与光貞 (1 March 2016). 過激な反中「本土派」勢い 香港議会補選、得票１５％超. The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  104. ^ a b "雖簽確認書仍被拒參選立會，梁天琦指「革命是唯一方法」" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  105. ^ "什麼人訪問什麼人﹕梁天琦︰革命當然是長線的". 明報 (in Traditional Chinese). 14 August 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  106. ^ "赴英大學講學運 梁天琦：要續爭民主才不讓同行者白坐監". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  107. ^ "【梁天琦判囚】 獄中信：在最壞的時代，人的責任更為重要（附全文）". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  108. ^ "梁天琦籲港人：勿跟政權賭命". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). 30 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  109. ^ a b c 李雨夢 (27 December 2017). "《地厚天高》呈現梁天琦非政治化的一面 導演林子穎︰一個尋常Lost in fumes的青春". Ming Pao Weekly (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  110. ^ "青年新政：立會選舉不會與本民前撞區出選" (in Traditional Chinese). now新聞. 1 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  111. ^ "All Around Town: So which Hong Kong politician keeps gunning for losing candidate?". South China Morning Post. 2 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  112. ^ 鄧子盈 (25 July 2016). "【立會選戰】確認書法律基礎成疑 難取消參選人資格" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港01. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  113. ^ "選管會突推「確認書」被忽略了的關鍵一日：7月14的魔鬼細節" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港01. 18 July 2016. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  114. ^ James Griffiths (2 September 2016). "Why is Beijing so scared of this 25-year-old Hong Konger?". 有線電視新聞網. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  115. ^ "【補選之後】《大公報》評論讚梁天琦：思路清楚反應快表達溝通力強 視他可造之材非無因". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 2 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  116. ^ 周雪君 (2 March 2016). "《大公報》：梁天琦有質素 特區政府要認真看待". The News Lens (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  117. ^ "【暴動罪審訊】梁振英：梁天琦罪有應得 籲青年引以為戒 強調不容反國家社會". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). 28 May 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  118. ^ 呂麗嬋 (4 December 2017). "【爆場紀錄片】拆解抑鬱暴食梁天琦 90後港導：這不是社運片是青春片". Apple Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  119. ^ "【專訪】《地厚天高》爆場又如何？ 導演林子穎：其實紀錄片好剝削人". Stand News (in Traditional Chinese). 15 December 2017. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  120. ^ "Controversial Hong Kong Doc Sparks Fears of Self-Censorship". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  121. ^ "梁天琦入選時代雜誌 「100 NEXT」名單 被視為香港抗爭者精神領袖". Stand News. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  122. ^ a b "港大PO照悼念何鴻燊過世 疑不讓民主派校友入鏡竟裁掉賭王下半身". 先驅媒體. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  123. ^ "港大發文悼何鴻燊 合照裁走梁天琦疑自我審查". 852郵報. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  124. ^ "港大發文悼何鴻燊 發學生合照裁走梁天琦". Stand News. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  125. ^ "港大發賭王相 裁走梁天琦 網民：一張相都要自我審查 校方：要拼貼". 明報. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Leung_Tin-kei