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Dennis Cooper

Dennis Cooper
A white man with graying hair sitting in front of a background decorated with Pride flags. He is wearing a gray button-up open over a gray tee-shirt.
Cooper in 2018
Born (1953-01-10) January 10, 1953 (age 71)
Pasadena, California, U.S.
Occupation
  • Novelist
  • poet
  • critic
  • editor
  • blogger
  • performance artist
Alma materFlintridge Preparatory School
Pasadena City College
Pitzer College
SubjectSexual fantasy, gay desire, existentialism, death, troubled teenagers, drug use, the inadequacy of language
Website
Official website

Dennis Cooper (born January 10, 1953) is an American novelist, poet, critic, editor and performance artist. He is best known for the George Miles Cycle, a series of five semi-autobiographical novels published between 1989 and 2000 and described by Tony O'Neill "as intense a dissection of human relationships and obsession that modern literature has ever attempted."[1] Cooper is the founder and editor of Little Caesar Magazine, a punk zine, that ran between 1976 and 1982.

Early life

Cooper was born in Pasadena, California and raised in Arcadia, the son of Clifford Cooper, a self-made businessman who was one of the early designers of parts for uncrewed space expeditions.[2][3] His parents were politically conservative, with his father acting as an advisor to several presidents, including Richard Nixon, with whom he cultivated a close friendship.[2] One of his brothers, Richard, was named after Nixon.[4] Cooper's parents divorced when he was in his early teens.[3][4] Cooper attended public schools before he started attending Flintridge Preparatory School in high school; he was expelled in 11th grade.[5][6] He attended Pasadena City College and Pitzer College.[7]

Cooper began reading French literature at 15 and was drawn to Marquis de Sade in particular for his risqué depictions of libertine sex.[8] He was also inspired by French novelists/directors such as Jean Cocteau, Alain Robbe-Grillet, and Marguerite Duras.[9] Though he had started writing surreal stories at age 12, he became a more focused writer at 15 and tried to imitate the writing styles of Arthur Rimbaud and de Sade.[8][4] He began planning out a five-book series that would later become The George Miles Cycle.[8] Punk subculture was a major part of his twenties.[3][8][9] In 1976, Cooper moved to London for a brief period.[10]

Career

Cooper started Little Caesar Magazine in 1976; the punk zine, which ran for 12 issues between 1976 and 1982, featured multimedia contributions from Andy Warhol, David Wojnarowicz, Debbie Harry, Bob Flanagan, and Toby Ross.[10][3][11] In 1978, he started Little Caesar Press, which would go on to help establish artists such as Amy Gerstler, Peter Schjeldahl, and Elaine Equi.[11] Cooper published his first book of poetry, Idols, in 1979 and his second, Tenderness of the Wolves, in 1981.[10][12] Tenderness of Wolves was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Book Prize the same year.[13]

In 1979, he began working as the Director of Programming at the Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center, where he continued to produce Little Caesar Magazine.[10][6] He held this position until 1983,[14] when he moved to New York City.[15] Shortly after, he published his first novella, Safe, and became serious about writing the five-book series he had been planning since he was fifteen.[10][14] He left New York in 1985 to follow a boyfriend to Amsterdam, where he finished Closer, the first book in the George Miles Cycle and Cooper's first novel.[3][16] To get into the right headspace to write Closer, Cooper regularly took meth.[17] The book later won the very first Ferro-Grumley Award for gay literature.[18] During this time, he supported himself financially by writing for American magazines such as The Advocate, Art in America, and Artforum, the latter eventually taking him on as a regular.[4][19]

Cooper returned to New York in 1987, where he worked on Frisk and several projects including co-curating an exhibit with Richard Hawkins entitled AGAINST NATURE: A Group Show of Work by Homosexual Men, which was open at the LACE in 1988.[20][3] Cooper returned to Los Angeles in 1990 and continued collaborating with other artists, including composer John Zorn, painter Lari Pittman, sculptors Jason Meadows and Nayland Blake, and others.[10][8][21][22] He also started the Little House on the Bowery curated imprint, which included works from Travis Jeppesen, Richard Hell, James Greer, Trinie Dalton, Derek McCormack, and others, under the independent publisher Akashic Books.[23] In the 1990s, he wrote for Spin[24] and published Period, the last book in the George Miles Cycle, in 2000.[3] His novel The Sluts won the 2007 Prix Sade award in France[25] and a Lammy.[26]

Cooper moved to Paris in 2005 and has collaborated with French theater director Gisèle Vienne, composers Peter Rehberg and Stephen O'Malley, and the performer Jonathan Capdevielle on six works for the theater, I Apologize (2004),[27] Un Belle Enfant Blonde (2005),[28] Kindertotenlieder (2007),[29] a stage adaption of his novella Jerk (2008),[30] This Is How You Will Disappear (2010),[31] and Last Spring, a Prequel (2011).[32] The Weaklings was published in limited numbers by Fanzine Press in 2008 and was followed by a full-length collection The Weaklings (XL) in 2013.[33][34]

Since living in France, Cooper has published a number of novels, had a cameo in Christophe Honoré's Homme au Bain,[35] released a book/CD collaboration with Gisèle Vienne and Peter Rehberg,[36] reissued the graphic novel Horror Hospital Unplugged he released with Keith Mayerson in 1997,[37] and curated part of the 2012 Un Nouveau Festival with Gisèle Vienne.[38] In 2012, Kunstverein Amsterdam held CLOSER: The Dennis Cooper Papers, a multimedia exhibit celebrating The George Miles Cycle.[39]

In 2015, Cooper worked with artist Zac Farley to write and direct an anthology of short films titled Like Cattle Towards Glow.[40] The two later collaborated for Permanent Green Light, which premiered in 2018 at the International Film Festival Rotterdam.[41]

Google controversy

In mid-2016, Cooper engaged in a two-month standoff with Google after it deleted his blog[42] and Gmail accounts without warning, due to what the company described as unspecified violations of their terms of use policy. Ten years of Cooper's writings were lost, including a novel. Cooper termed the situation "a nightmare".[43] Cooper's plight attracted media attention,[44][45][46] including from The New York Times,[47] The New Yorker,[48] The Guardian,[49] Le Figaro,[50] and Die Welt.[51] Google's attorneys contacted Cooper and after long negotiations, returned his data.[52]

Influence

Cooper's work has been acknowledged as an influence on a number of writers, including Travis Jeppesen, Kay Gabriel, Tony O'Neill, Jackie Ess, Noah Cicero, Shiv Kotecha, Jon Lindsey, Dominic Lyne[53] and Poppy Z. Brite.[54] Cooper's poetry, including the first poem he ever wrote (about David Cassidy) appear in the film Luster as the work of lead character Jackson.[55] American indie rock band Deerhunter, and grindcore act Pig Destroyer have both cited Dennis Cooper as a lyrical influence.[56] Cooper has also influenced a number of artists such as Ryan Trecartin, Jonathan Mayhew, Lizz Brady, Chris Kelso, Daniel Portland, Jared Pappas-Kelley, Ken Baumann, Blair Mastbaum, which he has included in exhibitions such as the Weaklings or who he has showcased over the years.[57][58] Within his work Cooper is often inspired by and quotes from underground and independent music; as with the lyrics of the band Hüsker Dü in the novel Try, and the naming of the 1992 curated show The Freed Weed, from a compilation by the band Sebadoh, which has been discussed in a number of interviews and analyses.[59][60]

George Miles Cycle

The cycle has now been translated into 18 foreign languages and is the subject of numerous academic studies. They include two volumes of critical essays devoted to the cycle: Enter at Your Own Risk (2004), edited by Leora Lev, and Dennis Cooper: Writing at the Edge (2008), edited by Paul Hegarty and Danny Kennedy.[61]

In the spring of 2000 Cooper published Period, the last of a series of five novels known as the George Miles cycle (ISBNs refer to the Grove Press paperback editions):

  • Closer (1989), ISBN 0-8021-3212-X
  • Frisk (1991), ISBN 0-8021-3289-8
  • Try (1994), ISBN 0-8021-3338-X
  • Guide (1997), ISBN 0-8021-3580-3
  • Period (2000), ISBN 0-8021-3783-0

"… [I]n the ninth grade Cooper met his beloved friend George Miles. Miles had deep psychological problems and Cooper took him under his wing. Years later, when Cooper was 30, he had a brief love affair with the 27-year-old Miles. The cycle of books … came later, and were an attempt by Cooper to get to the bottom of both his fascination with sex and violence and his feelings for Miles."
      — 3:AM Magazine, November 2001, "American Psycho: An Interview With Dennis Cooper" by Stephen Lucas[62]

"George in Closer, whose room is full of Disney figures, himself becomes the toy of two forty-year-old men obsessed with the beauty of pain and suffering. In Frisk, an ex-friend is writing Julian letters: reports or fantasies of sex and violence. The description of the sexual murdering of young men is a melange of blood and slippery internal organs, too unappetizing to quote. The letters are being sent from a Holland windmill, in its isolation an ideal place for exploring the raw reality of sex, violence and death."
      — VPRO Television; article in Dutch[63]

In 2021, Cooper published I Wished, a sort of coda of the George Miles Cycle, through Soho Press.[64] According to writer Justin Taylor, the novel is, "a postscript that functions just as handily as an introduction, deconstruction, or reboot."[65]

Other books

Fiction

  • Antoine Monnier (fiction, Anon Press, 1978)
  • My Mark (fiction, Sherwood Press, 1982)
  • Safe (novella, SeaHorse Press, 1985)
  • Wrong (short fiction, Grove Press, 1992)
  • My Loose Thread (novel, Canongate, 2002)
  • The Sluts (novel, Void Books, 2004; Carroll & Graf, 2005)
  • God Jr. (novel, Grove Press, 2005)
  • Ugly Man (short fiction, Harper Perennial, 2009)
  • French Hole, being 15 outtakes from 'The Marbled Swarm' (Kiddiepunk, 2011)
  • The Marbled Swarm (novel, Harper Perennial, November 2011)
  • The Pyre/Le Bucher (short fiction, limited edition book given to the audience of Gisèle Vienne's performance work 'The Pyre', Editions POL, 2013)
  • Zac's Haunted House (HTML Novel, Kiddiepunk, 2015)
  • Zac's Control Panel (HTML Book, Kiddiepunk, 2015)
  • I Wished (novel, Soho Press, 2021)[64]
  • Flunker (short fiction, Amphetamine Sulphate, 2024)

Poetry

  • The Terror of Earrings (Kinks Press, 1973)
  • Tiger Beat (Little Caesar Press, 1978)
  • Idols (SeaHorse Press, 1979; Amethyst Press, 1989)
  • Tenderness of the Wolves (The Crossing Press, 1981)
  • The Missing Men (Am Here Books/Immediate Editions, 1981)
  • He Cried (Black Star Series, 1985)
  • The Dream Police: Selected Poems '69–93 (Grove Press, 1994)
  • Thee Tight Lung Split Roar Hums (with Thurston Moore, Byron Coley; Slow Toe Press, 2004)
  • The Weaklings (with illustrations by Jarrod Anderson, Fanzine Press, limited edition, 2008)
  • The Weaklings (XL) (Sententia Books, 2013)

Collaborations and nonfiction

  • Jerk (collaboration with artist Nayland Blake, Artspace Books, 1994)
  • Horror Hospital Unplugged (graphic novel with illustrations by artist Keith Mayerson, Juno Books, 1997)
  • All Ears (criticism and journalism, Soft Skull Press, 1997)
  • Weird Little Boy' (provided texts for CD collaboration by John Zorn, Mike Patton, Trey Spruance, Chris Cochrane, William Winant, Avant, 1998)
  • Violence, faits divers, littérature (non-fiction, POL, France, 2004)
  • Dennis (CD/book, Don Waters Editions/AK Press, 2006)
  • Two Texts for a Puppet Play by David Brooks (with Stephen O'Malley, Jean-Luc Verna; DACM, limited edition, 2008)
  • SAFE with Dennis Cooper Ugly Man CD (Dot Dot Music, 2008)
  • Peter Rehberg/Dennis Cooper Music for GV (Mego Records, 2008)
  • Smothered in Hugs: Essays, Interviews, Feedback, Obituaries (Harper Perennial, 2010)
  • Jerk / Through Their Tears CD/book (w/ Gisèle Vienne, Peter Rehberg, DisVoir, March 2011)
  • Last Spring: The Maps multi-volume zine (w/ Gisèle Vienne, Le Cooperative Fanzine, 2011–2012)
  • Gisèle Vienne 40 Portraits 2003 - 2008 (Editions POL, 2012)
  • GONE: Scrapbook '80 - '82 (Infinity Land Press, 2014)

Works written for the theater

  • The Pyre (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Stephen O'Malley, Peter Rehberg; 2013)
  • Last Spring, a Prequel (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Stephen O'Malley, Peter Rehberg; 2011)
  • This Is How You Will Disappear (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Stephen O'Malley and Peter Rehberg, Visual Effects: Fujiko Nakaya & Shiro Takatani; 2010)
  • Dedans/Dehors/David (Writer/Director: David Bobee, based on Cooper's novel "Closer", 2008)
  • Jerk (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Peter Rehberg/Pita; 2008)
  • Jerk, radio play (France Culture/Radio France, 2007)
  • Kindertotenlieder (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Stephen O'Malley and Peter Rehberg/Pita; 2007)
  • Une Belle Enfant Blonde (Co-written with Catherine Robbe Grillet, Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Peter Rehberg/Pita; 2005)
  • I Apologize (Director: Gisèle Vienne, Score: Peter Rehberg/Pita; 2004)
  • The Undead (Director: Ishmael Houston-Jones, Score: Tom Recchion; Visual Design: Robert Flynt; 1990)
  • Knife/Tape/Rope (Director: Ishmael Houston-Jones, Sets: John De Fazio; 1985)
  • Them (Director: Ishmael Houston-Jones, Score: Chris Cochrane; 1984, 2010)

Further reading

  • Earl Jackson Jr. "Death Drives Across Pornotopia: Dennis Cooper on the Extremities of Being, Strategies of Deviance (Indiana University Press, 1995)
  • Elizabeth Young and Graham Caveney "Death in Disneyland: Dennis Cooper", Shopping in Space: Essays on America's Blank Fiction (Serpents Tail, 1996)
  • James Bolton, director, Dennis Cooper, a 20-minute documentary film (2000)
  • Julian Murphet,"Postcards from Sim City," in *Literature and Race in Los Angeles* (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
  • Elizabeth Young "Dennis Cooper: Closer", Pandora's Handbag (Serpents Tail, 2003)
  • Leora Lev, editor, Enter at Your Own Risk: The Dangerous Art of Dennis Cooper (FDU Press, 2006) Includes essays on Cooper's work by William Burroughs, Michael Cunningham, Dodie Bellamy, John Waters, Kevin Killian, Matthew Stadler, Robert Gluck, Elizabeth Young, and others.
  • Avital Ronell "The Philosophical Code: Dennis Cooper's Pacific Rim", The ÜberReader: Selected Works of Avital Ronell (University of Illinois Press, 2007)
  • Paul Hegarty and Danny Kennedy, editors, Writing at the Edge: The Work of Dennis Cooper (Sussex University Press, March 2008)
  • Martin Dines Gay Suburban Narratives in American and British Culture (Macmillan, 2009)
  • Marvin J. Taylor and Krist Gruijthujsen Geometries of Desire: An Interview with Dennis Cooper (Kunstverein Amsterdam, 2012)
  • Stacey D'Erasmo The Art of Intimacy: The Space Inbetween (Graywolf Press, 2013)
  • Christopher Hennessy Our Deep Gossip: Conversations with Gay Writers on Poetry and Desire (The University of Wisconsin Press, 2014)
  • Diarmuid Hester Wrong: A Critical Biography of Dennis Cooper (The University of Iowa Press, 2020)
  • Kay Gabriel A Xerox of Feeling: Dennis Cooper's Frisk (Journal of Narrative Theory, Eastern Michigan University, 2021)

References

  1. ^ O'Neill, Tony (4 October 2007). "A good writer as bad as you'll find". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b Ehrenstein, David (2007-04-29). "Setting a love story in Paris". LA Times. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Reitz, Daniel (2000-05-04). "Dennis Cooper". Salon. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  4. ^ a b c d Mogutin, Slave (2000). ""I've always imagined myself a serial killer"". Slava Mogutin. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  5. ^ "Biography". Dennis Cooper. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  6. ^ a b Wolf, Kate (2012-06-28). "The Charismatic Voice". LA Review of Books. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  7. ^ "Dennis Cooper". Poetry Foundation. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  8. ^ a b c d e Grau, Donatien (2015). "DENNIS COOPER". Purple. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  9. ^ a b Felsenthal, Daniel (2018-10-19). "The Devils of Our Better Nature: On Dennis Cooper and His New Film". LA Review of Books. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Hammond, Stuart (2014-02-07). "The dA-Zed guide to Dennis Cooper". Dazed. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  11. ^ a b "Little Caesar". Dennis Cooper. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  12. ^ "Author: Dennis Cooper". Small Press Distribution. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  13. ^ About The Book. Grove Atlantic. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  14. ^ a b Silverberg, Ira (2011). "Dennis Cooper, The Art of Fiction No. 213". The Paris Review. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  15. ^ "VIOLATIONS: AN EVENING OF INTERPRETIVE READINGS OF DENNIS COOPER'S GIF NOVELS". PEN America. 2016. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  16. ^ Krasinski, Jennifer (2016-07-24). "Why Did Google Erase Dennis Cooper's Beloved Literary Blog?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  17. ^ Clemens, Daniel (2020-11-04). "Cult author Dennis Cooper on meth, the death of NYC and Miley Cyrus". The Face. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  18. ^ "The Ferro-Grumley Awards". The Publishing Triangle. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  19. ^ "An interview with Dennis Cooper". Antimusee. 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  20. ^ "Against Nature". LACE. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  21. ^ "Chris Cochrane/Dennis Cooper/Ishmael Houston-Jones : Them". Tzadik. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  22. ^ "Shane Campbell Gallery". Shane Campbell Gallery. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  23. ^ "Catalog Tag: Dennis Cooper's Little House on the Bowery series". Akashic Books. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  24. ^ "THIS IS AS MUCH AS YOU'LL GRASP: DENNIS COOPER AND THE AESTHETICS OF VACUITY". Entropy Magazine. 2015-06-17. Archived from the original on 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  25. ^ "Dennis Cooper Wins Prix Sade". GalleyCat. 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  26. ^ Milks, Megan (2012-01-23). ""Is this for real? Is that a stupid question?": A Review of Dennis Cooper's The Sluts". electronic book review. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  27. ^ "I Apologize". Festival D'Avignon. 2005. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  28. ^ "UNE BELLE ENFANT BLONDE / A YOUNG, BEAUTIFUL BLONDE GIRL". Festival D'Avignon. 2005. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  29. ^ Cooper, Dennis (2010). "Kindertotenlieder 1". Pank Magazine. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  30. ^ "JERK". MITSP. 2008. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  31. ^ "THIS IS HOW YOU WILL DISAPPEAR". Festival D'Avignon. 2005. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  32. ^ "Gisèle Vienne, Dennis Cooper, Stephen O'Malley and Peter Rehberg". Whitney Museum of American Art. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  33. ^ Kelly, Alan (n.d.). "dennis says relax". 3AM Magazine. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  34. ^ Hammond, Stuart (2013-11-01). "Dennis Cooper". Dazed Digital. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  35. ^ Blaney, Martin (2014-04-08). "Raspberry&Cream boards 'explicit sex' project". ScreenDaily. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  36. ^ Jerk. artbook. n.d. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  37. ^ Butler, Blake (2011-07-28). "Dennis Cooper & Keith Mayerson's Horror Hospital Unplugged". HTML Giant. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  38. ^ "Teenage Hallucination / Nouveau festival". Centre Pompidou. 2012. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  39. ^ "Closer – The Dennis Cooper Papers". e-flux. 2012. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  40. ^ McBride, Jason (2017-08-10). "Dennis Cooper Is a Notorious Novelist. What Kind of Filmmaker Will He Be?". Vulture. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  41. ^ "International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR)".
  42. ^ "Dennis Cooper - The Weaklings". Denniscooper-theweaklings.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  43. ^ "Dennis Cooper's Blog | Facebook". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  44. ^ "Google borra el blog de Dennis Cooper - Estandarte". Estandarte.com. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  45. ^ Romano, Aja (2016-07-30). "A writer kept a blog for 10 years. Google deleted it. Why?". Vox. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  46. ^ "Dennis Cooper: erased by Google Pixarthinking". 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  47. ^ Gay, Roxane (2016-07-29). "The Blog That Disappeared". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  48. ^ "Why Did Google Erase Dennis Cooper's Beloved Literary Blog?". The New Yorker. 2016-07-24. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  49. ^ Sidahmed, Mazin (2016-07-14). "Dennis Cooper fears censorship as Google erases blog without warning". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  50. ^ Romanacce, Thomas (2016-07-22). "Le romancier Dennis Cooper trop hardcore pour Google". Le Figaro (in French). ISSN 0182-5852. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  51. ^ Reichwein, Marc (2016-08-01). "Google schaltet Blog von US-Schriftsteller ab". Welt Online. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  52. ^ "Dennis Cooper's Blog | Facebook". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  53. ^ "Crushed by History » 3:AM Magazine". 3ammagazine.com. 2006-02-02. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  54. ^ Guran, Paula (January 1998). "Poppy Z. Brite: Just Not That Weird". OMNI Online. DarkEcho. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
  55. ^ Lewis, Everett and Shulevitz, Robert (2001). Commentary, Luster (DVD). TLA Releasing.
  56. ^ "Deerhunter: Cryptograms | Album Reviews". Pitchfork. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  57. ^ Cooper, Dennis. "Some recent works by artists who also hang around here sometimes, Volume Four". The Weaklings. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  58. ^ "The Weaklings - Curated by Dennis Cooper". Five Years. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  59. ^ Hegarty, Paul; Kennedy, Danny (2012). Dennis Cooper: Writing at the Edge. Apollo Books. ISBN 9781845195526.
  60. ^ Steinbrecher, Matthew (November 2012). "Dennis Cooper". Artwrit. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
  61. ^ "Biography: Dennis Cooper". Bookreporter.
  62. ^ "Literature: Interview With Dennis Cooper". 3ammagazine.com. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  63. ^ "Dennis Cooper". VPRO Television. July 25, 2004. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16.
  64. ^ a b "I Wished". Publishers Weekly.
  65. ^ "Get Lit". www.bookforum.com. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Cooper