Constantin Cantemir
Copper engraving by François L'Anglois
Prince of Moldavia
Reign	25 June 1685 – 27 March 1693
Predecessor	Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino
Successor	Dimitrie Cantemir
Born	8 November 1612
Died	13 March 1693
Issue	Antioh Cantemir, Dimitrie Cantemir
Dynasty	Cantemirești
Religion	Orthodox

Constantin or Constantine^[1] Cantemir (8 November 1612 – 13 March 1693) was a Moldavian nobleman, soldier, and statesman who served as voivode between 25 June 1685 and 27 March 1693. He established the Cantemir dynasty which—with interruptions—ruled Moldavia prior to the imposition of phanariot rule.

Constantin was born into a Moldavian family of Crimean Tatar origin in 1612.^[1] He was created voivode of Moldavia by its Ottoman overlords in 1685, being favored over his rival Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino. (His son Demetrius would later marry a Cantacuzene princess.)^{[citation needed]} Constantin was a good and conscientious ruler, protecting his people from rapacious tax farmers. He largely brought peace to his realm,^[1] but served in campaigns of the Great Turkish War against Poland and Austria. Under his rule, Moldavia was invaded twice, once by the Nogai Tatars and once by Poland. Nonetheless, he constantly informed the Polish and Habsburgs of Turkish designs and his sons Antioch and Demetrius, who eventually succeeded him, would be instrumental in allying Moldavia to Russia in its first wars against the Turks.^{[citation needed]}

In 1691, Cantemir ordered Miron Costin, a Moldavian chronicler and man of letters, to be put to death on charges of conspiracy.^[2]

According to Neculce, Constantin was illiterate to the point of only being able to write his own signature. Nonetheless, he ensured that his sons received a good education. His grandson Antioch would serve as Russia's ambassador to Britain and France at the height of the Enlightenment, penning satires after Juvenal, translating Horace, and befriending Voltaire and Montesquieu.^{[citation needed]}

Constantin died in 1693 at the age of 80. His son Demetrius notionally succeeded him but was passed over by the Ottomans in favor of Constantin Duca, who was supported by his father-in-law, the Wallachian voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu.^{[citation needed]}

• Khan Temir

• Gaster, Moses (1911), "Cantemir" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 209

• Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy of the Cantemir family". Genealogy.EU.