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Comcomly

Comcomly
Chief Comcomly as he may have appeared in the early 1800s
Lower Chinook leader
Personal details
Born1765
Ilwaco, Washington
Died1830
Cause of deathMalaria
Resting placePacific County, Washington
ChildrenElvamox (Marianne), Raven (Princess Sunday), Ilchee (Princess Of Wales), kah-at-lin or Song Bird daughter of Comcomly’s Chehalis wife (Princess Margaret)
Known forskill with diplomacy and trade

Comcomly (or Concomly) (1765–1830)[1] was a Native American leader of the Lower Chinook, a group of Chinookan peoples indigenous to the Pacific Northwest, who inhabited the area near Ilwaco, Washington. Concomly spoke Lower Chinook and was known for his skill with diplomacy and trade.[2][3]

About

Concomly was described by Washington Irving in the book Astoria as "a shrewd old savage, with but one eye," who also noted his trade and diplomacy skills.[3] Comcomly was characterized by modern historian James Ronda as a talented diplomat and shrewd businessman.[2] He was friendly to the British and Euro-American explorers whom he encountered, including Robert Gray and George Vancouver.[4] Concomly met Lewis and Clark in 1805 who awarded him with peace medals.[5][3] He assisted the Pacific Fur Company, also known as the Astor Expedition in the early 1810s, and offered to help the Americans fight the British during the War of 1812, but Astoria, Oregon was sold to the British instead.[3] Concomly piloted Hudson's Bay Company ships up the Columbia and was entertained at Fort Vancouver by John McLoughlin.[3]

In contemporaneous journals, Concomly was referred to as Chief or, at times, as "'King", a derogatory term.[6][3]

Comcomly's tomb; engraving after Alfred Thomas Agate

Family

Cenotaph commemorating the Comcomly family, Greenwood Cemetery, Astoria, Oregon

Concomly was reported to have several wives.[5] His daughter Elvamox (also Marianne), married Duncan McDougall of the Pacific Fur Company, and after he left she remarried to Etienne Alexis Aubichon, also a fur trader.[7] She was the mother of one son and six daughters.[8]

Comcomly's daughter Koale'xoa[9] (also Raven or Princess Sunday), married Archibald McDonald a Scottish-born trader.[3] She died giving birth to their son, Ranald MacDonald.[3]

Another of Comcomly's daughters, Ilchee, (also Princess Of Wales), married Alexander McKenzie, a clerk with the Hudson's Bay Company who was killed in 1828 by S'Klallem tribal members.[10]

Descendants

Descendants of Comcomly include Chinook elder and historian Catherine Troeh[11] and United States Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens, who perished in Libya during the 2012 militant attack on the US consulate in Benghazi.[12]

Death

A malaria epidemic that occurred in 1830–33 in the Willamette Valley resulted in a tremendous loss of Native American lives.[13] Malaria was one of several diseases brought by colonizers that killed an estimated 150,000 Native peoples near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers in Oregon and Washington state between 1829 and 1833.[14] Comcomly died in 1830 after an "intermittent fever" epidemic, also called "cold sick" and presumed to be malaria, struck his tribe.[3][15]

His remains were interred in a canoe, per Chinook custom, in the family burial ground.[16] In 1835, Comcomly's elongated skull was stolen from his grave by Hudson Bay Company physician Dr. Meredith Gairdner and sent to Scotland for scientific study.[15] It was displayed in England[5] at the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar Museum. Although damaged in The Blitz during World War II, the skull was eventually sent to the Clatsop County Historical Society in Astoria in 1953, and then to the Smithsonian Institution in 1956.[17] In 1972, Conconmly's skull was finally repatriated to Chinook tribal members for reburial.[18]

Namesakes

There was a station of the Oregon Electric Railway in Marion County named "Concomly".[19] His name also appears on Concomly Road in the Salem, Oregon area. Chief Concomly Park in Scappoose, Oregon opened in 2019 and is named for him.[20]

References

  1. ^ Sheldon, T. "Ilwaco Cemetery Records". Cemetery Records Online. Interment.net. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
  2. ^ a b Ronda, James P. (1990). Astoria and Empire. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 198–297. ISBN 0-8032-8942-1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cogswell, Jr., Philip (1977). Capitol Names: Individuals Woven Into Oregon's History. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society. p. 103.
  4. ^ Floris, Beryl Marjory Brown (1980). Elvamox: Memories of a Pacific Northwest Family. Nevada City: John Balogh Floris. p. 7.
  5. ^ a b c Harvey, A. G. (1939). "Chief Concomly's Skull". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 40 (2): 161–167. ISSN 0030-4727. JSTOR 20611183.
  6. ^ Henry, Alexander; Thompson, David (1897). Elliott Coues (ed.). New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson, 1799-1814, Volume II (Hardback). New York: Francis P. Harper. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
  7. ^ Barman, Jean (2015). French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest. UBC Press. p. 131.
  8. ^ Floris, Beryl Marjory Brown (1980). Elvamox: Memories of a Pacific Northwest Family. Nevada City: John Balogh Floris. p. 72.
  9. ^ "Ranald MacDonald (1824-1894)". oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  10. ^ History of American Indians: Exploring Diverse Roots; By Robert R. McCoy, Steven M. Fountain
  11. ^ Kamb, Lewis (2003-12-12). "Roommates discover a bond going back to Lewis and Clark". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  12. ^ Jenni Monet (2012-09-28). "Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens' Mother Spells Out Family Legacy". Indian Country Today Media Network. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
  13. ^ Findlay, John M. "Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest: Lines on the Land". University of Washington. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  14. ^ "Northwest tribes tell of malaria outbreak - Timeline - Native Voices". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  15. ^ a b Mussulman, Joseph A. (2021-08-18). "Concomly: Prominent Chinook Leader". Discover Lewis & Clark. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  16. ^ Mussulman, Joseph. “Chief Comcomly's Tomb”, Discovering Lewis and Clark. Retrieved on 2008-07-13.
  17. ^ Stewart, Thomas Dale (1960). The Chinook Sign of Freedom: A Study of the Skull of the Famous Chief Comcomly. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. p. 20.
  18. ^ Schodt, Frederik L. (2003). Native American in the Land of the Shogun: Ranald MacDonald and the Opening of Japan. Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. p. 24. ISBN 1880656787.
  19. ^ McArthur, Lewis A.; McArthur, Lewis L. (2003) [1928]. Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0875952772.
  20. ^ Del Savio, Anna (July 26, 2019). "Chief Concomly Park opens Friday". Columbia County Spotlight. Retrieved 2022-04-18.

Further reading

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcomly