Carlyle is an English-language surname.

• Aelred Carlyle (1874–1955), English Benedictine monk
• Alexander Carlyle (1722–1805), Scottish church leader
• Buddy Carlyle (born 1977), American baseball player
• Cleo Carlyle (1902–1967), American baseball player
• Florence Carlyle (1864–1923), Canadian painter
• Jane Welsh Carlyle (1801–1866), Scottish writer
• Joan Carlyle (born 1931), British soprano
• John Carlyle (disambiguation), several people
• Joseph Dacre Carlyle (1759–1804), British orientalist
• Kanaan Carlyle (born 2004), American basketball player
• Liz Carlyle (born 1958), American writer
• Mara Carlyle (born 1970s), British singer-songwriter and arranger
• Paul Carlyle (born 1967), Northern Irish footballer and manager
• Randy Carlyle (born 1956), Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• Reuven Carlyle (born 1965), American politician
• Richard Carlyle (1914–2009), American actor
• Richard Carlyle (actor, born 1879) (1879–1942), Canadian-born actor
• Robert Carlyle (born 1961), Scottish actor
• Roy Carlyle (1900–1956), American baseball player
• Steve Carlyle (born 1950), Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), Scottish essayist and historian
• Thomas Carlyle (lawyer) (1803–1855), Scottish lawyer and apostle of the Catholic Apostolic Church
• Walter Carlyle (1938–2007), Scottish footballer
• Warren Carlyle, English theatre director and choreographer

• Boone Carlyle, fictional character on the television series Lost
• Luke Carlyle, a Marvel Comic Book character
• Lucy Carlyle, main protagonist of the YA book series Lockwood & Co. by Jonathan Stroud