Calvatia

Calvatia
	Calvatia craniiformis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Agaricaceae
Genus:	Calvatia; Fr. (1849)
Type species
	Calvatia craniiformis; (Schwein.) Fr. (1849)
Synonyms
	Omalycus Raf. (1814); Hippoperdon Mont. (1842); Hypoblema Lloyd (1902);

Calvatia is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the giant puffball C. gigantea. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs, Calvatia spp. are now placed in the family Lycoperdaceae of the order Agaricales.

Most species in the genus Calvatia are edible when young, though some are best avoided, such as Calvatia fumosa, which has a very pungent odor.

The name Calvatia derives from the Latin calvus meaning "bald" and calvaria, meaning "dome of the skull".

Taxonomy

Calvatia was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. Fries included a single species in the genus, Calvatia craniiformis, which was originally described as Bovista craniiformis by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1832.^[5]

Species

As of February 2015, Index Fungorum lists 58 species of Calvatia. ^[6]

C. agaricoides Dissing & M. Lange 1962
C. ahmadii Khalid & S.H. Iqbal 2004 – Pakistan^[7]
C. aniodina Pat. 1912 – Africa^[8]
C. arctica Ferd. & Winge 1910 – Greenland^[9]
C. argentea (Berk.) Kreisel 1992
C. bellii (Peck) M. Lange 1990
C. bicolor (Lév.) Kreisel 1992
C. boninensis S.Ito & S.Imai 1939 – Bonin Islands, Japan^[10]
C. booniana A.H.Sm. 1964
C. borealis T.C.E.Fr. 1914 – Europe^[11]
C. candida (Rostk.) Hollós 1902
C. capensis (Lloyd) J.C.Coetzee, Eicker & A.E.van Wyk 2003
C. connivens M.Lange 1990 – Greenland^[12]
C. cretacea (Berk.) Lloyd 1917
C. craniiformis (Schwein.) Fr. ex De Toni 1888
C. crucibulum (Mont.) Kreisel 1992
C. cyathiformis (Bosc) Morgan 1890
C. flava (Massee) Kreisel 1992
C. friabilis (G.Moreno, Altés, C.Ochoa & J.E.Wright) G.Moreno, Altés & C.Ochoa 2006
C. fulvida Sosin 1952
C. fusca (G.Cunn.) Grgur. 1997
C. gardneri (Berk.) Lloyd 1904
C. gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd 1904
C. guzmanii C.R.Alves & Cortez 2012^[13]
C. holothurioides Rebriev 2013
C. horrida M.Lange 1990 – Svalbard, Norway^[12]
C. incerta Bottomley 1948
C. kakavu (Zipp.) Overeem 1927
C. lacerata A.H.Sm. 1964
C. lachnoderma Pat. 1907
C. lilacina (Mont. & Berk.) Henn. 1904
C. lloydii Zeller & Coker 1947
C. lycoperdoides Kościelny & Wojt. 1935
C. macrogemmae Lloyd 1923
C. nipponica Kawam. ex Kasuya & Katum. 2008
C. nodulata Alfredo & Baseia 2014 – Brazil^[14]
C. oblongispora V.L.Suárez, J.E.Wright & Calonge 2009 – Brazil^[15]
C. occidentalis Lloyd 1915
C. ochrogleba Zeller 1947
C. olba Grgur. 1997 – New South Wales, Australia
C. olivacea (Cooke & Massee) Lloyd 1905
C. owyheensis A.H.Sm. 1964
C. pachydermica (Speg.) Kreisel 1992
C. pallida A.H.Sm. 1964
C. paradoxa A.H.Sm. 1964
C. polygonia A.H.Sm. 1964
C. primitiva Lloyd 1904
C. pseudolilacina (Speg.) Speg. 1919
C. pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Kreisel, G.Moreno, C.Ochoa & Altés 1998
C. pyriformis (Lév.) Kreisel 1992
C. rosacea Kreisel 1989 – Ecuador^[16]
C. rubrotincta Zeller 1947
C. rugosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) D.A. Reid 1977
C. sculpta (Harkn.) Lloyd 1904
C. septentrionalis M.Lange 1990 – Greenland^[12]
C. sporocristata Calonge 2003 – Costa Rica^[17]
C. subtomentosa Dissing & M.Lange 1962
C. tropicalis (Speg.) Speg. 1919
C. turneri (Ellis & Everh.) Demoulin & M.Lange 1990
C. utriformis (Bull.) Jaap 1918
C. vinosa Kasuya & Retn. 2006 – Indonesia^[18]
C. violascens (Cooke & Massee) R.T.Baker 1907

References

^ "Synonymy: Calvatia Fr". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
^ Rafinesque-Schmaltz CS. (1821). Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814, ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique pour servir d'introduction a ses ouvrages futurs (in French). Palermo. p. 52.
^ Montagne JPFC. "Troisième Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades I, II, III et IV. Fungi cubenses". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 17 (II): 119–28.
^ Lloyd CG. "The genera of Gasteromycetes". Mycological Notes (7): 1–24 (see p. 11).
^ Fries EM (1849). Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae (in Latin). Vol. 2. Uppsala, Sweden: Typographia Academica. p. 442.
^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 15th February 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
^ Khalid AN, Iqbal SH (2004). "Calvatia ahmadii sp.nov., from Pakistan" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 36 (3): 669–71.
^ Patouillard NT (1912). "Quelques Champignons de la Guinee Française". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 28: 31–37.
^ Ferdinandsen C. (1910). "Fungi terrestres from NE-Greenland (N of 76° N. Lat.) collected by the "Danmark Expedition"". Meddelelser om Grønland. 43: 137–145.
^ Ito S, Imai S (1939). "Fungi of the Bonin Islands. III". Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society. 16: 9–20.
^ Fries TCE (1914). "Zur Kenntnis der Gasteromyceten-Flora in Torne Lappmark". Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift (in German). 8 (2): 235–243.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lange M. (1990). "Arctic Gasteromycetes. II. Calvatia in Greenland, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean and Iceland". Nordic Journal of Botany. 9 (5): 525–46. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00545.x.
^ Alves CR, Cortez VG (2013). "Calvatia guzmanii sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Paraná State, Brazil". Phytotaxa. 85 (2): 35–40. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.1.
^ da Silva Alfredo D, Rodrigues ACM, Baseia IG (2014). "Calvatia nodulata, a new gasteroid fungus from Brazilian semiarid region". Journal of Mycology. 697602: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/697602.
^ Suarez VL, Wright JE, Calonge FD (2009). "Calvatia oblongispora sp. nov. from Brazil, with close affinities to Calvatia sporocristata from Costa Rica" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 108: 323–7. doi:10.5248/108.323. hdl:10261/78820. S2CID 12232521.
^ Kreisel H. (1989). "Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes)". Nova Hedwigia. 48: 281–96.
^ Calonge FD, Mata M, Carranza J (2003). "Calvatia sporocristata sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes) from Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical. 51 (1): 79–84. PMID 15162683.
^ Kasuya T, Retnowati A (2006). "New or noteworthy species of the genus Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 8 (3): 283–8. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i3.100.

External links

Puffballs and their allies in Michigan by Alexander H. Smith, 1951. (Full text of monograph.)

[urlFungorum_synonymy:_Calvatia-1] "Synonymy: Calvatia Fr". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 18 February 2015.

[Rafinesque-Schmaltz_1814-2] Rafinesque-Schmaltz CS. (1821). Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814, ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique pour servir d'introduction a ses ouvrages futurs (in French). Palermo. p. 52.

[Montagne_1842-3] Montagne JPFC. "Troisième Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades I, II, III et IV. Fungi cubenses". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 17 (II): 119–28.

[Lloyd_1902-4] Lloyd CG. "The genera of Gasteromycetes". Mycological Notes (7): 1–24 (see p. 11).

[Fries_1849-5] Fries EM (1849). Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae (in Latin). Vol. 2. Uppsala, Sweden: Typographia Academica. p. 442.

[Kirk_2015-6] Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 15th February 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.

[Khalid_2004-7] Khalid AN, Iqbal SH (2004). "Calvatia ahmadii sp.nov., from Pakistan" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 36 (3): 669–71.

[Patouillard_1912-8] Patouillard NT (1912). "Quelques Champignons de la Guinee Française". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 28: 31–37.

[Ferdinandsen_1910-9] Ferdinandsen C. (1910). "Fungi terrestres from NE-Greenland (N of 76° N. Lat.) collected by the "Danmark Expedition"". Meddelelser om Grønland. 43: 137–145.

[Ito_1939-10] Ito S, Imai S (1939). "Fungi of the Bonin Islands. III". Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society. 16: 9–20.

[Fries_1914-11] Fries TCE (1914). "Zur Kenntnis der Gasteromyceten-Flora in Torne Lappmark". Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift (in German). 8 (2): 235–243.

[Lange_1990-12] Lange M. (1990). "Arctic Gasteromycetes. II. Calvatia in Greenland, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean and Iceland". Nordic Journal of Botany. 9 (5): 525–46. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00545.x.

[Alves_2013-13] Alves CR, Cortez VG (2013). "Calvatia guzmanii sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Paraná State, Brazil". Phytotaxa. 85 (2): 35–40. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.1.

[Alfredo_2014-14] Silva Alfredo D, Rodrigues ACM, Baseia IG (2014). "Calvatia nodulata, a new gasteroid fungus from Brazilian semiarid region". Journal of Mycology. 697602: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/697602.

[Suarez_2009-15] Suarez VL, Wright JE, Calonge FD (2009). "Calvatia oblongispora sp. nov. from Brazil, with close affinities to Calvatia sporocristata from Costa Rica" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 108: 323–7. doi:10.5248/108.323. hdl:10261/78820. S2CID 12232521.

[Kreisel_1989-16] Kreisel H. (1989). "Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes)". Nova Hedwigia. 48: 281–96.

[Calonge_2003-17] Calonge FD, Mata M, Carranza J (2003). "Calvatia sporocristata sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes) from Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical. 51 (1): 79–84. PMID 15162683.

[Kasuya_2006-18] Kasuya T, Retnowati A (2006). "New or noteworthy species of the genus Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 8 (3): 283–8. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i3.100.

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