Body fluid
Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids, sometimes body liquids, are liquids within the body of an organism.[1] In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight; it is usually slightly lower in women (52–55%).[2][3] The exact percentage of fluid relative to body weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. A lean 70 kg (150 lb) man, for example, has about 42 (42–47) liters of water in his body.
The total body of water is divided into fluid compartments,[1] between the intracellular fluid compartment (also called space, or volume) and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment (space, volume) in a two-to-one ratio: 28 (28–32) liters are inside cells and 14 (14–15) liters are outside cells.
The ECF compartment is divided into the interstitial fluid volume – the fluid outside both the cells and the blood vessels – and the intravascular volume (also called the vascular volume and blood plasma volume) – the fluid inside the blood vessels – in a three-to-one ratio: the interstitial fluid volume is about 12 liters; the vascular volume is about 4 liters.
The interstitial fluid compartment is divided into the lymphatic fluid compartment – about 2/3, or 8 (6–10) liters, and the transcellular fluid compartment (the remaining 1/3, or about 4 liters).[4]
The vascular volume is divided into the venous volume and the arterial volume; and the arterial volume has a conceptually useful but unmeasurable subcompartment called the effective arterial blood volume.[5]
Compartments by location
- intracellular fluid (ICF), which consist of cytosol and fluids in the cell nucleus[6]
- Extracellular fluid
- Intravascular fluid (blood plasma)
- Interstitial fluid
- Lymphatic fluid (sometimes included in interstitial fluid)
- Transcellular fluid
Health
Clinical samples
Clinical samples are generally defined as non-infectious human or animal materials including blood, saliva, excreta, body tissue and tissue fluids, and also FDA-approved pharmaceuticals that are blood products.[7] In medical contexts, it is a specimen taken for diagnostic examination or evaluation, and for identification of disease or condition.[8]
See also
- Basic reproduction number
- Blood-borne diseases
- Clinical pathology
- Humorism
- Hygiene
- Ritual cleanliness
References
- ^ a b "body fluid". Taber's online – Taber's medical dictionary. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ "The water in you". Howard Perlman. December 2016.
- ^ Lote, Christopher J. Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th edition. Springer. p. 2.
- ^ Santambrogio, Laura (2018). "The Lymphatic Fluid". International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. 337: 111–133. doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.002. ISBN 9780128151952. PMID 29551158.
- ^ Vesely, David L (2013). "Natriuretic Hormones". Seldin and Giebisch's the Kidney: 1241–1281. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381462-3.00037-9. ISBN 9780123814623.
- ^ Liachovitzky, Carlos (2015). "Human Anatomy and Physiology Preparatory Course" (pdf). CUNY Bronx Community College. CUNY Academic Works. p. 69. Archived from the original on 2017-08-23. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
- ^ Packaging Guidelines for Clinical Samples - Retrieved 7 August 2014.
- ^ specimen - The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 7 August 2014
Further reading
- Paul Spinrad. (1999) The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids. Juno Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5
- John Bourke. (1891) Scatalogic Rites of All Nations. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk.
External links
- De Luca LA, Menani JV, Johnson AK (2014). Neurobiology of Body Fluid Homeostasis: Transduction and Integration. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781466506930.
