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Bear Island (New Brunswick)

Bear Island, New Brunswick
Name Place
View From Bear Island
View From Bear Island
Motto(s): 

1787-1800: Fortune Favours the Bold
1800-1967: More Than An Island
Map
Country Canada
Province New Brunswick
CountyYork
ParishQueensbury Parish
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Postal Code
E6L
Area code506

Bear Island is a Name Place in Queensbury Parish, New Brunswick, Canada, located on the north shore of the Saint John River.

History

See also: History of New Brunswick and List of historic places in York County, New Brunswick

Named "Island of the Bear" by the Maliseet people,[1] the location takes its name from islands (Big Bear and the Little Bear Islands) in the Saint John River. One story claims that bears fished in the narrow channels between the islands,[2] while others claim that bears would frequent the butternut trees native to the islands. With the development of the downstream Mactaquac Dam in 1968 and the consequential rise in water levels,[3] Bear Island is technically a misnomer, as the islands no longer exist, and the entire area referred to as Bear Island is on the shore of the dam's 96-kilometre headpond.[4] Many of the area's homes were razed in order to make way for the headpond.

The first permanent settlement in Bear Island was by Revolutionary War Loyalist veterans who received minimum 200-acre (0.81 km2) land grants by King George III on February 2, 1787, with many soldiers arriving that spring.[5] Twelve veterans from the "Guides and Pioneers, Queensbury" and twenty-one from the "Corps of Queen's Rangers" regiments were granted land.[6] Eventually immigrants from Portugal, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Scotland, France and Germany, and families of former slaves of African descent would find their way to Bear Island.[7]

The island itself was originally divided into 26 lots owned by settlers on the shore. Due to flooding in the spring, the island was never permanently settled, but rather used for farming purposes enhanced by the rich soil deposited after each flood.[8] Other islands in the area were used similarly.

Originally a farming community, each resident grew vegetables and raised cattle, pigs, hens and horses.[9] Although subsistent in nature, occasionally farming activities would grow into a true industry, such as during the Potato Boom of the late 1920s when residents harvested up to 100 barrels a season for sale.[10] Other residents took up maple syrup production, even forming the first Maple Syrup Association in New Brunswick in 1959,[11] while others chose to specialize in matters like chicken hatcheries and milk production. Many of these activities as a source of primary income and lifestyle ceased with the destruction of most of the arable land with the advent of the dam.

Geography and climate

Bear Island stretches along the north side of the Saint John River, with Granite Hill to the north and Lower Queensbury to the south. Weather stations in nearby Fredericton record an average of 1,093 mm of precipitation each year, including 241 cm of snow.[12] Geographic landmarks include Howland Falls, an 11-meter, tiered waterfall.[13]

Industry

Primary industries include agriculture (i.e. sugar maple farms, Goodines Poultry Farm[14]) and tourism (Great Bear Campground & Sugarbush[15]). As inhabitants of a rural community with limited employment opportunities, many residents are self-employed, running their own business. These businesses provide such varied services as music lessons, landscaping[16] and maid services. Bear Island is also home to the founder of Fredericton's PsInnovations Clinical Practice Solutions which offers virtual support services to professionals in the psychology field.[17]

Infrastructure

Route 105 storm damage (December 2010)

The primary road through Bear Island is Route 105. Although roads in neighbouring communities are regarded as poor, often resulting in damage to local vehicles, Route 105 is respected as of a better quality.[18] However, the community's heavy reliance on Route 105 as its main artery into Fredericton can be problematic, such as after heavy rain in December 2010 caused a portion of the route to wash away. Although many communities to the north do not have cell phone coverage, Bear Island's proximity to Highway 2 and its towers gives it full cell phone coverage.[19] The area is served by highspeed fixed WiFi and satellite services through Xplornet ISP.

Culture

A close knit community with local events such as dances at the area community centre, Bear Island also lends its name to the Bear Island Boatworks, which built the Spirit of Canada, an open 40-foot (12 m) sailboat, launched September 22, 2001, and used by Derek Hatfield, an award-winning sailor and one of only two Canadian men to race around the world.[20]

History

See also: History of New Brunswick and List of historic places in York County, New Brunswick

Notable people

Main article: List of people from York County, New Brunswick

See also

References

  1. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 12. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  2. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 12. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  3. ^ "Geology of the Fredericton-Mactaquac Dam Area" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  4. ^ "New Brunswick's Electrical Odyssey". Archived from the original on 21 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  5. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 14. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  6. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. pp. 19, 20. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  7. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 24. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  8. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 15. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  9. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 37. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  10. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 41. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  11. ^ Trail, Patty Gunter (2002). Bear Island: More Than an Island. Print Atlantic. p. 48. ISBN 0-9730758-0-5.
  12. ^ "Weather Network Canada". Archived from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  13. ^ "Waterfalls of New Brunswick". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  14. ^ "Goodines Poultry Farm". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  15. ^ "Great Bear Campground". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  16. ^ "Aquatic Gardens". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  17. ^ "PsInnovations". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
  18. ^ "Tom Caverhill's Blog". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  19. ^ "Rogers Network Coverage Map". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  20. ^ "Toronto Waterfront Magazine Derek Hatfield Article". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2009-10-09.

45°55′18″N 67°01′35″W / 45.9217°N 67.0264°W / 45.9217; -67.0264

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Island_(New_Brunswick)