Adinotherium

Adinotherium; Temporal range: Mid-Late Miocene (Santacrucian-Huayquerian); ~17.5–6.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A. ferum skull at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Notoungulata
Family:	†Toxodontidae
Subfamily:	†Nesodontinae
Genus:	†Adinotherium; Ameghino 1887
Type species
	†Adinotherium ovinum;
Species
	A. corriguenense Ameghino 1907; A. ferum Ameghino 1887; A. haplodontoides Ameghino 1891; A. karaikense; A. nitidum Ameghino 1887; A. ovinum (Owen 1846); A. robustum Ameghino 1891; A. splendidum;
Synonyms
	Phobereotherium Ameghino 1887; Noadinotherium Ameghino 1907;

Adinotherium (meaning "not terrible beast")^[2] is an extinct genus of toxodontid, large bodied hoofed ungulates which inhabited South America during the Middle to Late Miocene, from 17.5 to 6.8 Ma and existed for approximately 10.7 million years, Santacrucian to Huayquerian in the South American land mammal ages (SALMA). Fossils of Adinotherium have been found in the Santa Cruz and Ituzaingó Formations of Argentina and the Chucal and Río Frías Formations of Chile.^[3]

Description

A. ovinum skull, right lateral and dorsal view

The approximately 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long animal, with an estimated 120 kilograms (260 lb) body mass, looked like a smaller version of its rhinoceros-like relative Toxodon.^[4] Its front legs were somewhat longer than those of its relatives, making its hip and shoulder height about equal. A small horn atop Adinotherium's skull may have played a role in the mating season.^[5]

References

^ range and species from Croft et al. (2004), p. 8; synonyms from McKenna and Bell (1997), p. 459.
^ Palmer (1904) p. 80.
^ Adinotherium at Fossilworks.org
^ "Adinotherium ferum - Бестиарий - Доисторические животные - Prehistoric Fauna". prehistoric-fauna.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 253. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.

Bibliography

Croft, D.A., Flynn, J.J. and Wyss, A.R. 2004. Notoungulata and Litopterna of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, Northern Chile. Fieldiana Geology 50(1):1-52. [1]
McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
Palmer, T.S. 1904. Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. North American Fauna 23:1-984.