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Aburizal Bakrie

In this Indonesian name, the name "Bakrie" is a family name, and the person should be referred to by the family name "Bakrie".

Aburizal Bakrie
Bakrie in March 2011
9th General Chairman of the Golkar Party
In office
9 October 2009 – 17 May 2016
Preceded byJusuf Kalla
Succeeded bySetya Novanto
Personal details
Born (1946-11-15) 15 November 1946 (age 78)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Political partyGolkar
SpouseTatty Murnitriati
Children3, including Anindya Bakrie
Alma materBandung Institute of Technology

Aburizal Bakrie (born 15 November 1946) is an Indonesian politician and a prominent businessman, widely recognized for his success with the Bakrie Group conglomerate.[1] From 2004 to 2005, Bakrie served as Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for the Economy.[2][3] He then held the position of Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare from 2005 to 2009.[4] Bakrie served as the Chairman of the Golkar Party from 2009 to late 2014 and resumed the chairmanship in May 2015.[5]

He is widely known for his company's involvement in the Sidoarjo mudflow disaster, which has been linked to Energi Mega Persada.

Early life and education

Aburizal Bakrie was born on 15 November 1946 in Jakarta. His father, Achmad Bakrie, was the founder of Bakrie & Brothers and the Bakrie Group, while his mother was Roosniah Nasution. Bakrie is the eldest of four siblings, with two brothers, Nirwan Bakrie and Indra Usmansyah Bakrie, and a sister, Roosniah Odi Bakrie.[6] He attended the Bandung Institute of Technology, where he earned a degree in electrical engineering in 1973.[7]

Career

Business career

In 1972, Aburizal Bakrie joined PT Bakrie & Brothers Tbk, now known as the Bakrie Group, a conglomerate founded by his late father, Achmad Bakrie [id]. The company thrived alongside Indonesia's economy during the Soeharto presidency.[8] The Bakrie Group operates in various sectors, including agriculture, real estate, trade, shipping, banking, insurance, media, manufacturing, construction, and mining.

As the eldest of four siblings, Bakrie served as the chairman of the family enterprise from 1999 to 2004. During the Asian economic crisis of 1998, he faced significant challenges in maintaining control of the conglomerate but successfully emerged victorious after a refinancing process in 2000.[9]

Public offices

From 1991 to 1995, Aburizal Bakrie served two consecutive terms as the President of the ASEAN Business Forum. Additionally, from 1994 to 2004, he held two consecutive terms as the President of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN).[10] As a member of the Golkar Party, Bakrie also pursued a bid to become Golkar's presidential candidate in 2004.

Coordinating Minister for Economy

In 2004, Aburizal Bakrie retired from PT Bakrie & Brothers Tbk before being appointed Coordinating Minister for the Economy by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.[10] His appointment was initially met with some reservations.[11] Shortly after joining Yudhoyono's cabinet, Bakrie introduced a new government policy aimed at reducing the poverty rate in Indonesia by 3%. This policy involved reducing fuel subsidies and redirecting financial support to approximately 6 million people.[12]

Bakrie advocated for a gradual increase in fuel prices to prevent the subsidies from overwhelming the national budget and to align domestic fuel costs with international levels.[13] By October 2005, after two price hikes, fuel prices had risen by 126%.[14] The move was positively received by Standard & Poor's, which regarded it as a significant step toward alleviating immediate fiscal pressures and improving Indonesia's external balance.[15]

To address Indonesia's declining crude oil output, Aburizal Bakrie intervened[16] to resolve a longstanding standoff between ExxonMobil Corporation and PT Pertamina.[17] The two companies had been at odds for years over operational and profit-sharing issues related to the Cepu Block oil fields project,[18] which marked one of Indonesia's largest oil discoveries on Java in decades.

The previous year, Bakrie had pledged that the new government was committed to resolving the Cepu dispute and other conflicts involving international companies. This move aimed to demonstrate the government's dedication to improving Indonesia's investment climate.[19]

Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare

Following a cabinet reshuffle in 2005, Aburizal Bakrie was appointed Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare. In May 2008, he announced a direct cash relief program worth $1.52 billion, which aimed to support nearly 19 million low-income households[20] and mitigate the impact of rising fuel prices.[21]

Chairman of Golkar party

In 2009, Aburizal Bakrie was elected Chairman of the Golkar Party during the Golkar Party Congress held in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, defeating Surya Paloh, Yuddy Chrisnandi, and Hutomo Mandala Putra. In May 2010, he successfully established a majority parliamentary coalition with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's party and was elected its leader.

Sidoardjo mudflow disaster

Aburizal Bakrie's name has been associated with the Sidoarjo mudflow, which erupted on 29 May 2006 in Sidoarjo, East Java, causing severe environmental devastation and loss of life.[22] Scientists remain divided on the cause of the disaster.[23] One group attributes it to a natural occurrence, citing a 6.3-magnitude earthquake that struck near Yogyakarta two days earlier.[24] However, another group, along with the government, has confirmed that the drilling practices of PT Lapindo Brantas, a company in which Bakrie's family held a controlling stake, were responsible for triggering the mudflow. Media coverage of the event has been mixed.[25]

Although environmental groups urged the Indonesian government to revoke PT Lapindo Brantas' drilling license due to environmental mismanagement,[26] a three-year police investigation into the incident ended with the case being dropped. According to the Jakarta Globe, Satya Widya Yudha, a Golkar legislator, and Effendi Simbolon, a deputy chairman of the House of Representatives Commission VII from the PDI-P, largely supported Bakrie's family, characterizing the event as a natural disaster and expressing satisfaction with the compensation process. They also denounced the "politicization" of the issue. In contrast, Eva Kusuma Sundari, a PDI-P legislator whose property was affected by the disaster, accused Lapindo and the government of failing to meet their obligations in compensating the victims, calling them "insensitive and unresponsive."[27]

A 2013 report indicated that for nearly seven years, the mudflow had been devastating the livelihoods of Porong residents in particular and the Sidoarjo economy as a whole. The mudflow had also submerged more than 6,000 hectares of land, displaced 39,700 people, and inundated three subdistricts, 12 villages, 11,241 buildings, and 362 hectares of rice fields.[28]

Presidential elections 2014

In the fall of 2010, media coverage began to suggest that Aburizal Bakrie was aiming to become the Golkar Party's presidential candidate in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election.[29][30] Since then, Bakrie has repeatedly expressed his desire to be nominated as Golkar's candidate.[31] Media reports also indicated that the Golkar Party had already started searching for a running mate to join Bakrie,[32] with names such as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana X, the current Governor of Yogyakarta,[33] Pramono Anung, the Secretary General of the Indonesian Democratic Party and Deputy House Speaker, Dahlan Iskan, the Minister of State Enterprises, and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono, the youngest son of Indonesia's President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, being mentioned.[34]

Bakrie's early nomination was met with significant criticism, as some party members favored holding a caucus to first determine the process for selecting the party's candidate.[35][36] The head of the Golkar Party advisory board, Akbar Tanjung, criticized the decision in October 2011, when the party congress chose Bakrie as the preferred candidate without allowing other potential nominees. Tanjung called the process "undemocratic" and argued that it denied other members the right to pursue the nomination. This criticism was echoed by other members, including some at the regional level.[35]

Bakrie responded by dismissing the criticism as "political attacks," with The Jakarta Post describing him as "shrugging off" the objections.[37] However, others pointed out the importance of settling on a presidential candidate well ahead of the 2014 election, given Indonesia's vast geographic size, its sprawling provinces, and a population expected to reach 248 million that year.[citation needed]

On 30 June 2012, at Golkar's Leadership Meeting in Bogor, Bakrie was declared the party's presidential candidate for the 2014 election.[38][39] In his acceptance speech, Bakrie said, "Pleading for guidance from God Almighty, the faith to build a more developed Indonesia, a strong will, and support from all of you, with humility I officially and openly accept this nomination."[40]

To end speculation about a possible running mate for Bakrie,[41] Golkar's Deputy Chairman Agung Laksono announced that the selection of a vice-presidential candidate would be postponed until 2013.[42]

Recent opinion polls show Bakrie trailing behind other presidential hopefuls,[43] including former general Prabowo Subianto, Chief Patron of the Great Indonesia Movement Party, and former President Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of Indonesia's first President, Sukarno.[40][44]

See also

References

  1. ^ Executive Profile & Biography Archived 16 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  2. ^ Wayne Arnold (4 October 2005). "This Bali Bombing Seen as Having Less Economic Effect". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  3. ^ "Coordinating Minister for the Economy: Number of Poor Will Increase". Tempo. 14 August 2005. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  4. ^ Daftar Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat Indonesia
  5. ^ Leo, Jegho. "Aburizal Bakrie Regains Golkar Chairmanship". globalindonesianvoices.com. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2015. Accessed 19 May 2015.
  6. ^ VIVA, PT VIVA MEDIA BARU- (7 November 2016). "Profil Aburizal Bakrie - VIVA". viva.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  7. ^ Who's Who[permanent dead link‍] The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  8. ^ Mark Forbes (23 June 2006). "Mud flung at minister in wake of Java disaster". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  9. ^ "Bakrie's Restructuring of Debts Completed". IBonWeb.com. 30 November 2000. Archived from the original on 18 May 2006.
  10. ^ a b CACCI Profile, 2004. "Mr. Aburizal Bakrie now economic minister of Indonesia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Indonesian leader sets out goals". BBC News. 20 October 2004. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  12. ^ "Government to Maintain Increased Fuel Prices". - TEMPO Interactive. 16 March 2005. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  13. ^ "Indonesia Min: New Fuel Prices To Remain Below International Prices". Dow Jones. 29 September 2005. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  14. ^ "Indonesia raises fuel prices by 126%". Financial Times. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  15. ^ "Indonesia's donors support latest fuel price hike, Bakrie". AFX News. 3 October 2005. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  16. ^ "Exxon Claims Right To Run Cepu Oil". Shana News. 17 November 2005. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  17. ^ "Indonesia: ExxonMobil Cepu oil field to begin full production". energy-pedia news. 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  18. ^ "Cepu Block". Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  19. ^ "Jakarta plans to resolve dispute over giant oilfield". Financial Times. 15 November 2004. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  20. ^ "Fuel prices to increase after May 23. Date and details of coming fuel hike await president's approval of fuel subsidy program". Bali Post. 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Indonesia to cut fuel subsidies". The New York Times. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  22. ^ Charles Choi (22 July 2013). "Catastrophic Mud Eruption Had Natural Causes". Discovery News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  23. ^ LiveScience (22 July 2013). "Mud Eruption in Indonesia: Was Disaster Blamed on Drilling Activity Actually Caused By Quake?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  24. ^ "Study starts debate over Indonesia volcano". The Australian. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  25. ^ Staff writer (14 January 2010). "Indonesia's Teflon tycoon". The Economist. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  26. ^ Arie Rukmantara (14 June 2006). "Shut Lapindo well, arrest management, government told". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  27. ^ Fidelis E Satriastanti, Ezra Sihite & Markus Junianto Sihaloho (30 May 2012). "Politicians Defend Bakrie, Say Sidoarjo Victims Are Better Off". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  28. ^ Hans David Tampubolong (5 March 2013). "Mudflow Erupting After Seven Years". Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  29. ^ Markus Junianto Sihaloho (29 September 2010). "Aburizal in 2014, if the Polls Are Right". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012.
  30. ^ "Indonesian tycoon Aburizal Bakrie to run for president". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. 12 September 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  31. ^ JG (19 February 2012). "I'm Ready For 2014". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012.
  32. ^ ANTARA (28 December 2011). "Golkar seeking running mate for Aburizal as presidential candidate". Antara. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  33. ^ Slamet Susanto (24 June 2012). "Golkar Party Yogyakarta branches declare Sultan as VP candidate". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  34. ^ Ezra Sihite (21 June 2012). "Bakrie Considers Unlikely Pairing with SBY's Son". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  35. ^ a b Staff writer (10 May 2012). "Golkar Party Members Try To Make Up". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  36. ^ Staff writer (1 July 2012). "Aburizal Bakrie Named as Golkar's Presidential Candidate". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  37. ^ Staff writer (1 May 2012). "Philosophic Ical shrugs off intra-Golkar atacks [sic]". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  38. ^ Dian Widiyanarko (29 June 2012). "Golkar to Declare Presidential Candidate". id:VIVAnews. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  39. ^ Ahmad Pathoni (3 July 2012). "Bakrie Nomination Starts Indonesia's Presidential Race". Wall Street Journal Online Blog. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  40. ^ a b "Mining tycoon secures Golkar nomination". Gulf Today. Reuters. 1 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  41. ^ Suara Pembaruan (29 June 2012). "Golkar's Aburizal Bakrie Names 5 Potential VP Candidates". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  42. ^ Staff writer (3 July 2012). "Golkar to decide VP candidate in 2013". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  43. ^ Ahmad Fuad Yahya (7 June 2012). "Prabowo Most Popular Presidential Candidate". BERNAMA Malaysian National News Agency. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  44. ^ Ezra Sihite (26 June 2012). "Golkar Eyes 30% of Votes in 2014". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
Business positions
Preceded by Chairman of Bakrie and Brothers
1994–2004 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by
Sotion Ardjanggi
 President of Indonesian Chamber of Commerce
1994–2004 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Coordinating Minister for the Economy
2004–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare
2005–2009 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of Golkar
2009–2017 		Succeeded by
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aburizal_Bakrie