1427
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
| 1427 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1427 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1427 MCDXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2180 |
| Armenian calendar | 876 ԹՎ ՊՀԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6177 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1348–1349 |
| Bengali calendar | 833–834 |
| Berber calendar | 2377 |
| English Regnal year | 5 Hen. 6 – 6 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1971 |
| Burmese calendar | 789 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6935–6936 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙午年 (Fire Horse) 4124 or 3917 — to — 丁未年 (Fire Goat) 4125 or 3918 |
| Coptic calendar | 1143–1144 |
| Discordian calendar | 2593 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1419–1420 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5187–5188 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1483–1484 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1348–1349 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4527–4528 |
| Holocene calendar | 11427 |
| Igbo calendar | 427–428 |
| Iranian calendar | 805–806 |
| Islamic calendar | 830–831 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 34 (応永３４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1342–1343 |
| Julian calendar | 1427 MCDXXVII |
| Korean calendar | 3760 |
| Minguo calendar | 485 before ROC 民前485年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −41 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1969–1970 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳火马年 (male Fire-Horse) 1553 or 1172 or 400 — to — 阴火羊年 (female Fire-Goat) 1554 or 1173 or 401 |
Year 1427 (MCDXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January 16 – The papacy of Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends after a reign of more than 17 years.
- January – Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne of Wallachia for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by Dan II, who resumes the throne for a fifth term.
- February 23 – In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the Principality of Catalonia of what will become a devastating 6.7 magnitude earthquake that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.[1]
- March 29 – In Vietnam, the Ming dynasty China army invades a second time, bringing 120,000 reinforcement troops led by General Mu Sheng to crush the Lam Sơn uprising.[2]
- May 11 – (16 Pashons, 1143 AM) At Alexandria, Farag El-Maksi is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Christians and takes the regnal name of Pope John XI.[3]
July–December
- August 4 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Tachov: The Hussites decisively beat the crusader armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
- August 17 – The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris.
- September 29 – Lam Sơn uprising: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader Lê Lợi, who proposes settling the war by recognizing Tran Cao's rule as King of Dai Viet. The proposal is a pretext to Liu Sheng's army being lured into an ambush that soon follows, with 70,000 Chinese troops killed.[4]
- October 13 – Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.
- November 12 – To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General Wang Tong begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's Giao Chi region, having accepted a proposal by Vietnam without the approval of China's Emperor Xuanzong. The Emperor is informed of the proposal and agrees on November 20 to accept terms of peace.Chan (1988), p. 290
- December 29 – Victorious in the Lam Sơn uprising, Vietnam (Dai Viet) succeeds in forcing the withdrawal of Chinese troops from its territory as China's General Wang Tong and Vietnam's General Nguyen Trai agree to terms of disarmament and repatriation of 86,640 Ming Chinese prisoners in return for Chinese withdrawal.[5]
Date unknown
- Minrekyansa becomes King of Ava (ancient Burma).
- The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in Sutherland, Scotland.[6]
- The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland.
- The Celestine Order is established in France.
- The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).
- Bremen is expelled from the Hanseatic League.
- Diogo de Silves, Portuguese navigator, discovers seven islands of the Azores archipelago.
- Battle of the Echinades: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of Carlo I Tocco.
- Itzcoatl becomes the 4th Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, after his nephew Chimalpopoca is killed by the Maxtla, at Azcapotzalco.
- Bhaktapur Royal Palace (in Nepal) is built by King Yaksa Malla.
Births
- February 27 – Ruprecht, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1480)
- May 8 – John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1470)
- May 29 – Françoise d'Amboise, duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (d. 1485)
- June 22 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (d. 1482)
- September 9 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
- October 26 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (d. 1496)
- November 24 – John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1473)
- November 29 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (d. 1464)
- November 30 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1492)
- date unknown – Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (d. 1509)
Deaths
- April 17 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)[7]
- May 7 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English churchman
- May 28 – Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (b. 1397)
- July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, Despot of Serbia (b. 1377)[8]
- date unknown
- Chimalpopoca, Aztec Tlatoani (ruler) of Tenochtitlán (b. 1397)[9]
- Qu You, Chinese novelist (b. 1341)
- probable
- Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (b. 1350)
- Gentile da Fabriano, Italian painter
- Radu II Prasnaglava, ruler of Wallachia, probably killed in or after a lost battle
References
- ^ Banda, E.; Correig, A. M. (1984), "The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428", Engineering Geology, 20 (1–2), Elsevier: 89–97, Bibcode:1984EngGe..20...89B, doi:10.1016/0013-7952(84)90045-0
- ^ Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.), Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–89, ISBN 978-1-316-44504-4
- ^ Atiya, Aziz S., ed. (1991). "John XI". The Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Provided by Claremont Graduate University. New York City: Macmillan Publishers.
- ^ Dreyer, Edward L. (1982). Early Ming China: A Political History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-8047-1105-4.
- ^ United States Air Force Academy (1998). WLA: War, Literature & the Arts. Department of English, United States Air Force Academy. p. 210.
- ^ The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI. Foulis press, 1764.
- ^ Jean de Wavrin (1879). Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à présent nommé Engleterre. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. p. 223.
- ^ John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 525. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- ^ "Chimalpopoca, "Escudo humeante (1417-1426)" [Chimalpopoca, “Smoking Shield" (1417-1426)]. Arqueologia Mexico (in Spanish). July 2, 2016.