Eisspeedway

2024 6 Hours of Imola

Italy 2024 6 Hours of Imola
Event information
Round 2 of 8 in the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship
Date21 April 2024
LocationImola
VenueAutodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari
Duration6 hours
Results
Laps completed205
Distance (km)1006.345
Distance (miles)625.25
Hypercar
Pole position
Time1:29.466
TeamItaly Ferrari AF Corse
Winners
TeamToyota Gazoo Racing
DriversUnited Kingdom Mike Conway
Japan Kamui Kobayashi
Netherlands Nyck de Vries
LMGT3
Winners
TeamBelgium Team WRT
DriversBrazil Augusto Farfus
Indonesia Sean Gelael
United Kingdom Darren Leung

The 2024 6 Hours of Imola was an endurance sportscar racing event held on 21 April 2024, as the second of eight rounds of the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship. It was the second running of the event, and the first running of the event as part of the World Endurance Championship.

Background

The event was announced on 9 June 2023, during the 2023 24 Hours of Le Mans weekend. The Italian round of the World Endurance Championship was held at Monza in July between 2021 and 2023. To accommodate an additional non-European race, the Italian round was moved from July to April. Since the Monza circuit is currently undergoing upgrade works, the round was moved from Monza to Imola.[1]

Prior to the race, Peugeot unveiled their updated Peugeot 9X8, including a rear wing and a change in tire size: the front tires having a tread width of 29 centimeters, and the rear tires having a tread width of 34 centimeters, aligning with the rest of the Hypercar field.[2]

Entry list

The entry list was revealed on 2 April 2024, with 19 entries in the Hypercar category, and 18 entries in the LMGT3 category. In Hypercar, the No. 2 Cadillac Racing entry dropped from three to two drivers: Sébastien Bourdais did not drive for the team in Imola. Furthermore, Ferdinand Habsburg was replaced by Jules Gounon in the No. 35 Alpine Endurance Team entry, since the former was still recovering from an injury.[3] All other entered teams and drivers stayed the same as in Qatar.[4][5]

Schedule

Date Time (local: CEST) Event
Friday, 19 April 12:00 Free Practice 1
17:15 Free Practice 2
Saturday, 20 April 11:10 Free Practice 3
14:45 Qualifying - LMGT3
15:05 Hyperpole - LMGT3
15:25 Qualifying - Hypercar
15:45 Hyperpole - Hypercar
Sunday, 21 April 13:00 Race
Source:[6]

Practice

There are three practice sessions scheduled to be held preceding the start of the race on Sunday: two on Friday and one on Saturday. The sessions on Friday afternoon and Friday evening lasted 90 minutes, and the final session on Saturday morning lasted for 60 minutes.[6]

Practice 1

The first practice session took place at 12:00 CEST on Friday. Yifei Ye was quickest in the No. 83 AF Corse Ferrari, with a lap time of 1:31.347. Antonio Fuoco ended up second fastest in the No. 50 Ferrari AF Corse entry, with Mikkel Jensen in the No. 93 Peugeot TotalEnergies entry in third.[7] LMGT3 was led by Daniel Juncadella in the No. 82 TF Sport Corvette, lapping the circuit in 1 minute and 42.113 seconds, with teammate Charlie Eastwood in the No. 81 Corvette second, 0.606s behind. Davide Rigon was third-quickest in the No. 54 Vista AF Corse Ferrari, 0.858s slower than Juncadella.[8] The session saw one red flag, after Jean-Éric Vergne's No. 93 Peugeot suddenly stopped on-track.[9]

Class No. Entrant Driver Time
Hypercar 83 Italy AF Corse China Yifei Ye 1:31.347
LMGT3 82 United Kingdom TF Sport Spain Daniel Juncadella 1:42.113
Source:[10][11]
  • Note: Only the fastest car in each class is shown.

Practice 2

The second practice session took place at 17:15 CEST on Friday. Fuoco was quickest in the No. 50 Ferrari with a lap time of 1:30.957. Kévin Estre was second in the No. 6 Porsche Penske Motorsport entry, 0.342s behind. Robert Shwartzman ended up third in the No. 83 Ferrari.[12] Eastwood was quickest in LMGT3 in the No. 81 Corvette, with a lap of 1:41.986, which was 0.187s faster than Alessio Rovera's lap in the No. 55 Vista AF Corse Ferrari. Juncadella was third-quickest in the No. 82 Corvette.[13]

Class No. Entrant Driver Time
Hypercar 50 Italy Ferrari AF Corse Italy Antonio Fuoco 1:30.957
LMGT3 81 United Kingdom TF Sport Republic of Ireland Charlie Eastwood 1:41.986
Source:[14][15]
  • Note: Only the fastest car in each class is shown.

Final practice

The third and final practice session took place at 11:10 CEST on Saturday. Fuoco was once again quickest in the No. 50 Ferrari, with a lap of 1:31.238. He was 0.034s quicker than Dries Vanthoor in the No. 15 BMW M Team WRT entry, with team-mate René Rast in the No. 20 BMW a further 0.271s behind.[16] In LMGT3, Marco Sørensen was quickest in the No. 777 D'station Racing Aston Martin, lapping the track in 1 minute and 42.474 seconds. He was half a second quicker than Daniel Mancinelli in the No. 27 Heart of Racing Team Aston Martin, with Augusto Farfus in the No. 31 Team WRT BMW in third.[17] The session saw one stoppage, when Paul di Resta beached his No. 94 Peugeot TotalEnergies entry in the gravel at turn 18.[17]

Class No. Entrant Driver Time
Hypercar 50 Italy Ferrari AF Corse Italy Antonio Fuoco 1:31.238
LMGT3 777 Japan D'station Racing Denmark Marco Sørensen 1:42.474
Source:[18][19]
  • Note: Only the fastest car in each class is shown.

Qualifying

Qualifying results

Pole position winners in each class are marked in bold.

Pos Class No. Entrant Qualifying Hyperpole Grid
1 Hypercar 50 Italy Ferrari AF Corse 1:30.196 1:29.466 1
2 Hypercar 83 Italy AF Corse 1:30.710 1:29.885 2
3 Hypercar 51 Italy Ferrari AF Corse 1:30.736 1:29.953 3
4 Hypercar 6 Germany Porsche Penske Motorsport 1:31.190 1:30.101 4
5 Hypercar 5 Germany Porsche Penske Motorsport 1:30.221 1:30.385 5
6 Hypercar 7 Japan Toyota Gazoo Racing 1:30.636 1:30.410 6
7 Hypercar 20 Belgium BMW M Team WRT 1:30.950 1:30.600 7
8 Hypercar 8 Japan Toyota Gazoo Racing 1:30.497 1:30.652 8
9 Hypercar 12 United Kingdom Hertz Team Jota 1:30.992 1:30.656 9
10 Hypercar 99 Germany Proton Competition 1:30.929 1:30.692 10
11 Hypercar 38 United Kingdom Hertz Team Jota 1:31.322 11
12 Hypercar 2 United States Cadillac Racing 1:31.397 12
13 Hypercar 15 Belgium BMW M Team WRT 1:31.549 13
14 Hypercar 94 France Peugeot TotalEnergies 1:31.651 14
15 Hypercar 93 France Peugeot TotalEnergies 1:31.748 15
16 Hypercar 63 Italy Lamborghini Iron Lynx 1:31.862 16
17 Hypercar 35 France Alpine Endurance Team 1:31.980 17
18 Hypercar 36 France Alpine Endurance Team 1:32.054 18
19 Hypercar 11 Italy Isotta Fraschini 1:33.575 19
20 LMGT3 92 Lithuania Manthey PureRxcing 1:42.734 1:42.365 20
21 LMGT3 27 United States Heart of Racing Team 1:43.452 1:43.058 21
22 LMGT3 46 Belgium Team WRT 1:43.241 1:43.099 22
23 LMGT3 31 Belgium Team WRT 1:43.281 1:43.105 23
24 LMGT3 85 Italy Iron Dames 1:42.924 1:43.151 24
25 LMGT3 88 Germany Proton Competition 1:43.416 1:43.229 25
26 LMGT3 91 Germany Manthey EMA 1:43.134 1:43.399 26
27 LMGT3 55 Italy Vista AF Corse 1:43.198 1:43.523 27
28 LMGT3 54 Italy Vista AF Corse 1:43.225 1:43.650 28
29 LMGT3 59 United Kingdom United Autosports 1:43.882 1:43.835 29
30 LMGT3 81 United Kingdom TF Sport 1:43.897 30
31 LMGT3 777 Japan D'station Racing 1:43.947 31
32 LMGT3 82 United Kingdom TF Sport 1:44.108 32
33 LMGT3 77 Germany Proton Competition 1:44.118 33
34 LMGT3 95 United Kingdom United Autosports 1:44.291 34
35 LMGT3 78 France Akkodis ASP Team 1:44.347 35
36 LMGT3 60 Italy Iron Lynx 1:46.254 36
37 LMGT3 87 France Akkodis ASP Team No time[N 1] 37
Source:[21][22]

Race

Race results

The minimum number of laps for classification (70% of overall winning car's distance) was 143 laps. Class winners are in bold and ‡.

Final race classification
Pos Class No Team Drivers Chassis Tyre Laps Time/Retired
Engine
1 Hypercar 7 Japan Toyota Gazoo Racing United Kingdom Mike Conway
Japan Kamui Kobayashi
Netherlands Nyck de Vries
Toyota GR010 Hybrid M 205 6:00:34.717‡
Toyota 3.5 L Turbo V6
2 Hypercar 6 Germany Porsche Penske Motorsport France Kévin Estre
Germany André Lotterer
Belgium Laurens Vanthoor
Porsche 963 M 205 +7.081[N 2]
Porsche 9RD 4.6 L Turbo V8
3 Hypercar 5 Germany Porsche Penske Motorsport Australia Matt Campbell
Denmark Michael Christensen
France Frédéric Makowiecki
Porsche 963 M 205 +25.626
Porsche 9RD 4.6 L Turbo V8
4 Hypercar 50 Italy Ferrari AF Corse Italy Antonio Fuoco
Spain Miguel Molina
Denmark Nicklas Nielsen
Ferrari 499P M 205 +31.469
Ferrari F163 3.0 L Turbo V6
5 Hypercar 8 Japan Toyota Gazoo Racing Switzerland Sébastien Buemi
New Zealand Brendon Hartley
Japan Ryo Hirakawa
Toyota GR010 Hybrid M 205 +33.777
Toyota 3.5 L Turbo V6
6 Hypercar 20 Belgium BMW M Team WRT Netherlands Robin Frijns
South Africa Sheldon van der Linde
Germany René Rast
BMW M Hybrid V8 M 204 +1 Lap
BMW P66/3 4.0 L Turbo V8
7 Hypercar 51 Italy Ferrari AF Corse United Kingdom James Calado
Italy Antonio Giovinazzi
Italy Alessandro Pier Guidi
Ferrari 499P M 204 +1 Lap
Ferrari F163 3.0 L Turbo V6
8 Hypercar 83 Italy AF Corse Poland Robert Kubica
Israel Robert Shwartzman
China Yifei Ye
Ferrari 499P M 204 +1 Lap
Ferrari F163 3.0 L Turbo V6
9 Hypercar 93 France Peugeot TotalEnergies Denmark Mikkel Jensen
Switzerland Nico Müller
France Jean-Éric Vergne
Peugeot 9X8 2024 M 203 +2 Laps
Peugeot X6H 2.6 L Turbo V6
10 Hypercar 2 United States Cadillac Racing New Zealand Earl Bamber
United Kingdom Alex Lynn
Cadillac V-Series.R M 203 +2 Laps
Cadillac LMC55R 5.5 L V8
11 Hypercar 38 United Kingdom Hertz Team Jota United Kingdom Jenson Button
United Kingdom Philip Hanson
Denmark Oliver Rasmussen
Porsche 963 M 203 +2 Laps
Porsche 9RD 4.6 L Turbo V8
12 Hypercar 63 Italy Lamborghini Iron Lynx Italy Mirko Bortolotti
Daniil Kvyat
Italy Edoardo Mortara
Lamborghini SC63 M 203 +2 Laps
Lamborghini 3.8 L Turbo V8
13 Hypercar 35 France Alpine Endurance Team France Paul-Loup Chatin
France Jules Gounon
France Charles Milesi
Alpine A424 M 201 +4 Laps[N 3]
Alpine 3.4 L Turbo V6
14 Hypercar 12 United Kingdom Hertz Team Jota United Kingdom Callum Ilott
France Norman Nato
United Kingdom Will Stevens
Porsche 963 M 200 +5 Laps
Porsche 9RD 4.6 L Turbo V8
15 Hypercar 94 France Peugeot TotalEnergies United Kingdom Paul di Resta
France Loïc Duval
Belgium Stoffel Vandoorne
Peugeot 9X8 2024 M 199 +6 Laps
Peugeot X6H 2.6 L Turbo V6
16 Hypercar 36 France Alpine Endurance Team France Nicolas Lapierre
Germany Mick Schumacher
France Matthieu Vaxivière
Alpine A424 M 199 +6 Laps[N 3]
Alpine 3.4 L Turbo V6
17 Hypercar 11 Italy Isotta Fraschini United States Carl Bennett
Canada Antonio Serravalle
France Jean-Karl Vernay
Isotta Fraschini Tipo 6-C M 191 +14 Laps
Isotta Fraschini 3.0 L Turbo V6
18 LMGT3 31 Belgium Team WRT Brazil Augusto Farfus
Indonesia Sean Gelael
United Kingdom Darren Leung
BMW M4 GT3 G 187 +18 Laps‡
BMW P58 3.0 L Turbo I6
19 LMGT3 46 Belgium Team WRT Oman Ahmad Al Harthy
Belgium Maxime Martin
Italy Valentino Rossi
BMW M4 GT3 G 187 +18 Laps
BMW P58 3.0 L Turbo I6
20 LMGT3 92 Lithuania Manthey PureRxcing Austria Klaus Bachler
Saint Kitts and Nevis Alex Malykhin
Germany Joel Sturm
Porsche 911 GT3 R (992) G 186 +19 Laps
Porsche M97/80 4.2 L Flat-6
21 LMGT3 55 Italy Vista AF Corse France François Heriau
United States Simon Mann
Italy Alessio Rovera
Ferrari 296 GT3 G 186 +19 Laps
Ferrari F163CE 3.0 L Turbo V6
22 LMGT3 27 United States Heart of Racing Team United Kingdom Ian James
Italy Daniel Mancinelli
Spain Alex Riberas
Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3 Evo G 185 +20 Laps[N 4]
Aston Martin M177 4.0 L Turbo V8
23 LMGT3 95 United Kingdom United Autosports United Kingdom Josh Caygill
Chile Nico Pino
Japan Marino Sato
McLaren 720S GT3 Evo G 185 +20 Laps
McLaren M840T 4.0 L Turbo V8
24 LMGT3 81 United Kingdom TF Sport Angola Rui Andrade
Republic of Ireland Charlie Eastwood
Belgium Tom van Rompuy
Chevrolet Corvette Z06 GT3.R G 185 +20 Laps
Chevrolet LT6.R 5.5 L V8
25 LMGT3 82 United Kingdom TF Sport France Sébastien Baud
Spain Daniel Juncadella
Japan Hiroshi Koizumi
Chevrolet Corvette Z06 GT3.R G 185 +20 Laps
Chevrolet LT6.R 5.5 L V8
26 LMGT3 77 Germany Proton Competition United Kingdom Ben Barker
United States Ryan Hardwick
Canada Zacharie Robichon
Ford Mustang GT3 G 184 +21 Laps
Ford Coyote 5.4 L V8
27 LMGT3 777 Japan D'station Racing France Erwan Bastard
France Clément Mateu
Denmark Marco Sørensen
Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3 Evo G 184 +21 Laps
Aston Martin M177 4.0 L Turbo V8
28 LMGT3 59 United Kingdom United Autosports Brazil Nicolas Costa
United Kingdom James Cottingham
Switzerland Grégoire Saucy
McLaren 720S GT3 Evo G 184 +21 Laps
McLaren M840T 4.0 L Turbo V8
29 LMGT3 54 Italy Vista AF Corse Italy Francesco Castellacci
Switzerland Thomas Flohr
Italy Davide Rigon
Ferrari 296 GT3 G 184 +21 Laps
Ferrari F163CE 3.0 L Turbo V6
30 LMGT3 60 Italy Iron Lynx Italy Matteo Cressoni
France Franck Perera
Italy Claudio Schiavoni
Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 2 G 183 +22 Laps
Lamborghini DGF 5.2 L V10
31 LMGT3 78 France Akkodis ASP Team Timur Boguslavskiy
South Africa Kelvin van der Linde
France Arnold Robin
Lexus RC F GT3 G 183 +22 Laps
Lexus 2UR-GSE 5.0 L V8
32 LMGT3 87 France Akkodis ASP Team Japan Takeshi Kimura
Argentina José María López
France Esteban Masson
Lexus RC F GT3 G 182 +23 Laps
Lexus 2UR-GSE 5.0 L V8
33 LMGT3 91 Germany Manthey EMA Austria Richard Lietz
Netherlands Morris Schuring
Australia Yasser Shahin
Porsche 911 GT3 R (992) G 171 +34 Laps
Porsche M97/80 4.2 L Flat-6
NC Hypercar 99 Germany Proton Competition France Julien Andlauer
Switzerland Neel Jani
United Kingdom Harry Tincknell
Porsche 963 M 167 Not classified
Porsche 9RD 4.6 L Turbo V8
NC LMGT3 85 Italy Iron Dames Belgium Sarah Bovy
Denmark Michelle Gatting
France Doriane Pin
Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 2 G 33 Not classified
Lamborghini DGF 5.2 L V10
Ret LMGT3 88 Germany Proton Competition Norway Dennis Olsen
Denmark Mikkel O. Pedersen
Italy Giorgio Roda
Ford Mustang GT3 G 82 Retired
Ford Coyote 5.4 L V8
DSQ Hypercar 15 Belgium BMW M Team WRT Switzerland Raffaele Marciello
Belgium Dries Vanthoor
Germany Marco Wittmann
BMW M Hybrid V8 M 163 Parc fermé breach[N 5]
BMW P66/3 4.0 L Turbo V8
Source:[30]
Tyre manufacturers
Key
Symbol Tyre manufacturer
G Goodyear
M Michelin

Notes

  1. ^ The No. 87 Akkodis ASP Team entry had all its lap times deleted due to a faulty sensor.[20]
  2. ^ The No. 6 Porsche Penske Motorsport entry received a 5-second time penalty for overtaking under the safety car. The car kept its second-place position.[23]
  3. ^ a b The Nos. 35 and 36 Alpine Endurance Team entries initially received penalties for not reaching the minimum drive time with Jules Gounon and Nicolas Lapierre, respectively.[24][25] However, this decision was later reverted by the stewards.[26][27]
  4. ^ The No. 27 Heart of Racing Team entry received a 10-second time penalty for leaving its engine running whilst refuelling. The car kept its position of fifth in class.[28]
  5. ^ The No. 15 BMW M Team WRT entry was disqualified as it did not rejoin parc fermé under its own power.[29]

References

  1. ^ Mitchell, Rory (9 June 2023). "WEC to visit Imola and Qatar for the first time in 2024". RacingNews365. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  2. ^ Klein, Jamie (25 March 2024). "Peugeot Reveals Updates 9X8 2024 Car". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  3. ^ Euwema, Davey (15 April 2024). "Gounon to Stand In for Habsburg at Imola". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  4. ^ Klein, Jamie (2 April 2024). "Two-Driver Cadillac Lineup Confirmed for Imola". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  5. ^ Kilbey, Stephen (2 April 2024). "37 Cars Set For 6H Imola, Cadillac Down To Two Drivers". Dailysportscar. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b "2024 Imola - FIA World Endurance Championship". fiawec.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  7. ^ Watkins, Gary (19 April 2024). "WEC Imola: Ye fastest to lead Ferrari 1-2 in practice". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  8. ^ Kilbey, Stephen (19 April 2024). "#83 AF Corse Ferrari Tops FP1". Dailysportscar. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  9. ^ Euwema, Davey (19 April 2024). "Ye Leads Ferrari 1-2 in Imola FP1". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  10. ^ "03_Classification_Free Practice 1.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  11. ^ "07_FastestLapByDriver_Free Practice 1.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  12. ^ Euwema, Davey (19 April 2024). "Fuoco Keeps Ferrari On Top in Second Practice". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  13. ^ Kilbey, Stephen (19 April 2024). "Ferrari Stays Top In Imola Practice After Fuoco Flyer". Dailysportscar. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  14. ^ "03_Classification_Free Practice 2.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  15. ^ "07_FastestLapByDriver_Free Practice 2.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  16. ^ Klein, Jamie (20 April 2024). "Ferrari Leads BMW in Final Practice at Imola". Sportscar365. John Dagys Media. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  17. ^ a b Kilbey, Stephen (20 April 2024). "Fuoco Keeps Ferrari Fastest Ahead Of Imola Qualifying". Dailysportscar. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  18. ^ "03_Classification_Free Practice 3.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  19. ^ "07_FastestLapByDriver_Free Practice 3.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  20. ^ "034_Doc 34 - Decision No. 16 - Car 87.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  21. ^ "90_Classification_Qualifying.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  22. ^ "01_Grid_Race.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  23. ^ "088_Doc 88 - Decision No. 53 - Car 6.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  24. ^ "084_Doc 084 - Decision No. 49 - Car 35.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  25. ^ "085_Doc 085 - Decision No. 50 - Car 36.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  26. ^ "092_Doc 092 - Decision No. 62.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  27. ^ "093_Doc 093 - Decision No. 63.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  28. ^ "082_Doc 82 - Decision No. 48 - Car 27.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  29. ^ "081_Doc 81 - Decision No. 47 - Car 15.pdf" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  30. ^ "03_Classification_Hour 6.PDF" (PDF). fiawec.alkamelsystems.com. Alkamel Systems. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.