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1966 NFL draft

1966 NFL draft
General information
Date(s)November 27, 1965
Time8:58 am EST
LocationSummit Hotel
in New York City
Overview
305 total selections in 20 rounds
LeagueNFL
First selectionTommy Nobis, LB
Atlanta Falcons
Most selections (25)Atlanta Falcons
Fewest selections (15)Pittsburgh Steelers
Hall of Famers
← 1965
1967 →

The 1966 NFL draft was held at the Summit Hotel in New York City on Saturday, November 27, 1965.[1][2]

The expansion Atlanta Falcons were awarded the first pick in each round as well as the final pick in each of the first five rounds.[1] The first overall selection was Tommy Nobis, a linebacker from Texas.[2] The league also provided the Falcons with an expansion draft six weeks later.[1]

This was the last draft in which the NFL and the AFL selected their players separate of one another. As a result, most players drafted by teams from both leagues chose to play for the more established NFL, but not all. Similar to 1965, the AFL draft was held on the same day. After the merger agreement in June 1966, a common draft was held in March 1967.

Player selections

= Pro Bowler [3] = Hall of Famer

Round one

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
1 Atlanta Falcons Tommy Nobis Linebacker Texas
2 Los Angeles Rams Tom Mack Offensive tackle Michigan
3 Pittsburgh Steelers Dick Leftridge Running back West Virginia
4 Philadelphia Eagles Randy Beisler Defensive end Indiana
5 Dallas Cowboys John Niland Offensive guard Iowa
6 Washington Redskins Charlie Gogolak Kicker Princeton
7 Minnesota Vikings Jerry Shay Offensive tackle Purdue
8 St. Louis Cardinals Carl McAdams Linebacker Oklahoma
9 Green Bay Packers Jim Grabowski Running back Illinois
10 New York Giants Francis Peay Offensive tackle Missouri
11 San Francisco 49ers Stan Hindman Defensive end Ole 'Miss
12 Chicago Bears George Rice Offensive tackle LSU
13 Green Bay Packers Gale Gillingham Guard Minnesota
14 Cleveland Browns Milt Morin Tight end UMass
15 Baltimore Colts Sam Ball Offensive tackle Kentucky
16 Atlanta Falcons Randy Johnson Quarterback Texas A&I
  • HOF Member of the Professional Football Hall of Fame

Round two

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
17 Atlanta Falcons Nick Rassas Safety Notre Dame
18 Los Angeles Rams Mike Garrett[4] Running back USC
19 Pittsburgh Steelers Larry Gagner Guard Florida
20 Philadelphia Eagles Gary Pettigrew Defensive end Stanford
21 Washington Redskins Walter Barnes Tackle Nebraska
22 Dallas Cowboys Willie Townes Tackle Tulsa
23 St. Louis Cardinals Harold Lucas Tackle Michigan State
24 Detroit Lions Nick Eddy Running back Notre Dame
25 New York Giants Don Davis Tackle Cal State-Los Angeles
26 San Francisco 49ers Bob Windsor Tight end Kentucky
27 Minnesota Vikings Jim Lindsey Running back Arkansas
28 Chicago Bears Charlie Brown Defensive back Syracuse
29 Cleveland Browns Rick Norton Quarterback Kentucky
30 Green Bay Packers Tom Cichowski Tackle Maryland
31 Baltimore Colts Butch Allison Tackle Missouri
32 Atlanta Falcons Jerry Jones Tackle Bowling Green

Round three

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
33 Atlanta Falcons Mike Dennis Running back Mississippi
34 Los Angeles Rams Dick Tyson Guard Tulsa
35 Pittsburgh Steelers Pat Killorin Center Syracuse
36 Philadelphia Eagles Ben Hawkins Wide receiver Arizona State
37 San Francisco 49ers Al Randolph Running back Iowa
38 Washington Redskins Tom Barrington Running back Ohio State
39 Detroit Lions Bill Malinchak Wide receiver Indiana
40 New York Giants Tom Fisher Linebacker Tennessee
41 San Francisco 49ers Dan Bland Defensive back Mississippi State
42 Minnesota Vikings Don Hansen Linebacker Illinois
43 St. Louis Cardinals Dave Long Defensive end Iowa
44 Chicago Bears Bob Pickens Tackle Nebraska
45 Green Bay Packers Fred Heron Tackle San Jose State
46 Green Bay Packers Tony Jeter End Nebraska
47 Baltimore Colts Rick Kestner Wide receiver Kentucky
48 Atlanta Falcons Phil Sheridan Wide receiver Notre Dame

Round four

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
49 Atlanta Falcons Ken Reaves Defensive back Norfolk State
50 Los Angeles Rams Henry Dyer Running back Grambling
51 Chicago Bears Randy Jackson Tackle Florida
52 Philadelphia Eagles Frank Emanuel Linebacker Tennessee
53 Washington Redskins Billy Clay Defensive back Mississippi
54 Baltimore Colts Rod Sherman Wide receiver USC
55 Detroit Lions Doug Van Horn Guard Ohio State
56 San Francisco 49ers Don Parker Guard Virginia
57 Minnesota Vikings Ron Acks Defensive back Illinois
58 St. Louis Cardinals Gary Snook Quarterback Iowa
59 Detroit Lions Willie Walker Wide receiver Tennessee State
60 Chicago Bears Doug Buffone Linebacker Louisville
61 Cleveland Browns Pete Duranko Defensive end Notre Dame
62 Green Bay Packers John Roderick Wide receiver Southern Methodist
63 Baltimore Colts Hoyle Granger Running back Mississippi State
64 Atlanta Falcons Willie Asbury Running back Kent State

Round five

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
65 Atlanta Falcons Bill Wolski Running back Notre Dame
66 Los Angeles Rams Diron Talbert Tackle Texas
67 Detroit Lions Bill Cody Linebacker Auburn
68 Philadelphia Eagles Dan Berry Running back California
69 San Francisco 49ers Mel Phillips Defensive back North Carolina A&T
70 Washington Redskins Dick LeMay Tackle Vanderbilt
71 San Francisco 49ers Steve Smith Wide receiver Michigan
72 Minnesota Vikings Doug Davis Tackle Kentucky
73 St. Louis Cardinals Jack Clancy Wide receiver Michigan
74 Cleveland Browns Randy Schultz Running back Northern Iowa
75 New York Giants Bill Briggs Defensive end Iowa
76 Minnesota Vikings Bob Hall Defensive back Brown
77 Los Angeles Rams Dick Arndt Tackle Idaho
78 Cleveland Browns Dan Fulford Wide receiver Auburn
79 Dallas Cowboys Walt Garrison Running back Oklahoma State
80 Atlanta Falcons Martin Kahn Tackle North Texas State

Round six

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
81 Atlanta Falcons Charley Casey Wide receiver Florida
82 Los Angeles Rams Bruce Anderson Tackle Willamette
83 Minnesota Vikings Wilbur Aylor Tackle Southwest Texas State
84 Philadelphia Eagles Bob Sherlag Defensive back Memphis State
85 Chicago Bears Dennis Brewster Tackle Brigham Young
86 Dallas Cowboys Bob Dunlevy Wide receiver West Virginia
87 Detroit Lions Wayne DeSutter Tackle Western Illinois
88 St. Louis Cardinals Tim Van Galder Quarterback Iowa State
89 Philadelphia Eagles Mel Tom Linebacker San Jose State
90 Cleveland Browns Jim Battle Defensive end Southern
91 San Francisco 49ers Charlie Johnson Defensive tackle Louisville
92 Chicago Bears Franklin McRae Defensive tackle Tennessee State
93 Cleveland Browns Fred Hoaglin Center Pittsburgh
94 Washington Redskins Earl Yates Tackle Duke
95 Baltimore Colts Stas Maliszewski Linebacker Princeton

Round seven

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
96 Atlanta Falcons William Johnson Running back University of the South
97 Los Angeles Rams George Youngblood Defensive back Cal State-Los Angeles
98 Pittsburgh Steelers Emerson Boozer Running back Maryland-Eastern Shore
99 Philadelphia Eagles David Lince Tackle North Dakota
100 Dallas Cowboys Art Robinson Wide receiver Florida A&M
101 Washington Redskins George Patton Tackle Georgia
102 St. Louis Cardinals Charley Arkwright Tackle Georgia
103 Detroit Lions Johnnie Robinson Wide receiver Tennessee State
104 New York Giants Phil Harris Running back Texas
105 Baltimore Colts Dave Ellis Defensive end North Carolina State
106 Minnesota Vikings Bob Meers End Massachusetts
107 Chicago Bears Ron Meyer Quarterback South Dakota State
108 Green Bay Packers Ray Miller Defensive end Idaho
109 Cleveland Browns Leroy Carter Wide receiver Grambling
110 Baltimore Colts Ray Perkins Wide receiver Alabama

Round eight

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
111 Atlanta Falcons Bill Goss Linebacker Tulane
112 Los Angeles Rams Vilnis Ezerins Running back Wisconsin–Whitewater
113 New York Giants Charlie Harper Tackle Oklahoma State
114 Philadelphia Eagles John Mason End Stanford
115 Washington Redskins Stan Mitchell Running back Tennessee
116 Dallas Cowboys Don Kunit Running back Penn State
117 Detroit Lions John Pincavage Running back Virginia
118 New York Giants Bill Matan Wide receiver Kansas State
119 San Francisco 49ers Dick Witcher Wide receiver UCLA
120 Baltimore Colts Jerry Allen Running back Nebraska-Omaha
121 St. Louis Cardinals Dan Goich End California
122 Chicago Bears Doug McFalls Defensive back Georgia
123 Cleveland Browns Tom Talaga Wide receiver Notre Dame
124 Green Bay Packers Ken McLean Wide receiver Texas A&M
125 Baltimore Colts Jack White Quarterback Penn State

Round nine

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
126 Atlanta Falcons Bob Sanders Center North Texas State
127 Los Angeles Rams Burton Matthies Running back Wayne State
128 Pittsburgh Steelers Dale Stewart Defensive end Pittsburgh
129 Philadelphia Eagles Jim Todd Running back Ball State
130 Dallas Cowboys Darrell Elam Wide receiver West Virginia Tech
131 Washington Redskins Jack Shinholser Linebacker Florida State
132 New York Giants Freeman White Wide receiver Nebraska
133 San Francisco 49ers Kent Kramer Wide receiver Minnesota
134 Minnesota Vikings Ron Green Wide receiver North Dakota
135 St. Louis Cardinals Charlie Bryant Wide receiver Allen
136 Detroit Lions Dick Cunningham Guard Arkansas
137 Chicago Bears Fritz Greenlee Wide receiver Northern Arizona
138 Green Bay Packers Ron Rector Running back Northwestern
139 Cleveland Browns Jack Gregory Defensive end Delta State
140 Baltimore Colts Jerry Gross Running back Auburn

Round ten

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
141 Atlanta Falcons Mike Bender Guard Arkansas
142 Los Angeles Rams Mike Capshaw Tackle Abilene Christian
143 Pittsburgh Steelers Jerry Marion Defensive back Wyoming
144 Philadelphia Eagles John Osmond Center Tulsa
145 Washington Redskins Caesar Belser Defensive back Arkansas-Pine Bluff
146 Dallas Cowboys Mason Mitchell Running back Washington
147 San Francisco 49ers Ron Sbranti Defensive end Utah State
148 Detroit Lions Bruce Yates Tackle Auburn
149 St. Louis Cardinals Mike Ringer Running back Oklahoma
150 Detroit Lions Tom Brigham Defensive end Wisconsin
151 New York Giants Jeff Smith Linebacker USC
152 Chicago Bears Bobby Burnett Running back Arkansas
153 Cleveland Browns Monte Ledbetter Wide receiver Northwestern State (LA)
154 Green Bay Packers Sam Montgomery Defensive end Southern
155 Baltimore Colts Claude Brownlee Defensive end Benedictine

Round eleven

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
156 Atlanta Falcons Steve Sloan Quarterback Alabama
157 Los Angeles Rams Darrell Hoover Running back Arizona
158 Pittsburgh Steelers Charley Washington Running back Grambling
159 Philadelphia Eagles Welford Walton Defensive end Nevada-Reno
160 Dallas Cowboys Austin Denney Wide receiver Tennessee
161 Washington Redskins Dick Reding Wide receiver Northwestern State (LA)
162 Minnesota Vikings Stan Quintana Defensive back New Mexico
163 St. Louis Cardinals Bobby Williams Running back Central State (OK)
164 Detroit Lions Jack O'Billovich Linebacker Oregon State
165 New York Giants Cliff Wilder Wide receiver Iowa
166 San Francisco 49ers Preston Ridlehuber Running back Georgia
167 Chicago Bears Terry Owens Wide receiver Jacksonville State
168 Green Bay Packers Ralph Wenzel Guard San Diego State
169 Cleveland Browns Tony Fire Tackle Bowling Green
170 Baltimore Colts Eric Crabtree Wide receiver Pittsburgh

Round twelve

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
171 Atlanta Falcons Ken Hollister Tackle Indiana
172 Los Angeles Rams George Clayton Defensive back Fairmont State
173 Dallas Cowboys Les Shy Defensive back Long Beach State
174 Philadelphia Eagles Bruce Van Dyke Guard Missouri
175 Washington Redskins John Stipech Linebacker Utah
176 Dallas Cowboys Craig Baynham Running back Georgia Tech
177 St. Louis Cardinals Rickey Johnson Tackle Clemson
178 Detroit Lions Randy Winkler Tackle Tarleton State
179 New York Giants Ken Avery Linebacker Southern Mississippi
180 San Francisco 49ers Lyle Loebach Tackle Simpson
181 Minnesota Vikings Bob Petrella Defensive back Tennessee
182 Chicago Bears Wayne Page Defensive end Clemson
183 Cleveland Browns Rich Czap Tackle Nebraska
184 Green Bay Packers Jim Mankins Running back Florida State
185 Baltimore Colts Jim Carer Guard Tennessee State

Round thirteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
186 Atlanta Falcons Bob Collins Tackle South Carolina
187 Los Angeles Rams Jake David Running back Lamar
188 Pittsburgh Steelers Benjy Dial Quarterback Eastern New Mexico
189 Philadelphia Eagles Jim Bohl Running back New Mexico State
190 Dallas Cowboys Ron Lamb Running back South Carolina
191 Washington Redskins Heath Wingate Center Bowling Green
192 Detroit Lions Bill Masselter Tackle Wisconsin
193 New York Giants Jim Fulgham Tackle Minnesota
194 San Francisco 49ers Jim Jackson Running back Western Illinois
195 Minnesota Vikings Larry Martin Tackle San Diego State
196 St. Louis Cardinals Jim Brown Guard Nebraska
197 Chicago Bears Wayne Becker Tackle Montana
198 Green Bay Packers Ed King Linebacker USC
199 Cleveland Browns Jim Boudreaux Tackle Louisiana Tech
200 Baltimore Colts Bob Hadrick Wide receiver Purdue

Round fourteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
201 Atlanta Falcons Steve Ecker Kicker Shippensburg
202 Los Angeles Rams Terry Parks Tackle Cal State-Los Angeles
203 Pittsburgh Steelers Joe Novogratz Linebacker Pittsburgh
204 Philadelphia Eagles Ron Medved Running back Washington
205 Washington Redskins Jerry Lovelace Running back Texas Tech
206 Dallas Cowboys Lewis Turner Running back Norfolk State
207 New York Giants Howard McCard Guard Syracuse
208 San Francisco 49ers Elmer Collett Center Cal State-San Francisco
209 Minnesota Vikings Howard Twilley Wide receiver Tulsa
210 St. Louis Cardinals LaVerle Pratt Linebacker Idaho
211 Detroit Lions Denis Moore Tackle USC
212 Chicago Bears Mike Buckner Defensive back Northwestern
213 Cleveland Browns Pete Lammons End Texas
214 Green Bay Packers Ron Hanson Wide receiver North Dakota State
215 Baltimore Colts Jim Ward Quarterback Gettysburg

Round fifteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
216 Atlanta Falcons Tom Tolleson Wide receiver Alabama
217 Los Angeles Rams Mike Sullivan Wide receiver Oregon State
218 Pittsburgh Steelers Joe Dobson Tackle Idaho
219 Philadelphia Eagles Harry Day Tackle Memphis State
220 Dallas Cowboys Mark Gartung Tackle Oregon State
221 Washington Redskins Hal Seymour Running back Florida
222 San Francisco 49ers Saint Saffold Wide receiver San Jose State
223 Minnesota Vikings Hugh Wright Running back Adams State
224 St. Louis Cardinals Darryl Alleman Wide receiver Wyoming
225 Detroit Lions Bill Sullivan Defensive end West Virginia
226 New York Giants Steve Bowman Running back Alabama
227 Chicago Bears Jim Kollman Guard Oregon
228 Green Bay Packers Grady Bolton Tackle Mississippi State
229 Cleveland Browns Bob Ellis Defensive end Massachusetts
230 Baltimore Colts Lee Garner Linebacker Mississippi

Round sixteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
231 Atlanta Falcons Jim Vining Guard Rice
232 Los Angeles Rams Joe O'Brien Wide receiver Texas-Arlington
233 Pittsburgh Steelers Jim Long Wide receiver Purdue
234 Philadelphia Eagles Arunas Vasys Linebacker Notre Dame
235 Washington Redskins Hal Wantland Running back Tennessee
236 Dallas Cowboys Tom Piggee Running back Cal State-San Francisco
237 Minnesota Vikings Jim Williams Defensive end Arkansas
238 St. Louis Cardinals Dick Kasperek Center Iowa State
239 Detroit Lions Jerry Gendron Wide receiver Wisconsin–Eau Claire
240 New York Giants Sam Price Running back Illinois
241 San Francisco 49ers Jim LeClair Quarterback C.W. Post
242 Chicago Bears Lynn Senkbeil Linebacker Nebraska
243 Cleveland Browns David Ray End Alabama
244 Green Bay Packers Bob Schultz Defensive end Wisconsin–Stevens Point
245 Baltimore Colts Rod Stewart End Duke

Round seventeen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
246 Atlanta Falcons Lurley Archambeau Center Toledo
247 Los Angeles Rams Dan Gilbert Tackle Arkansas Tech
248 Pittsburgh Steelers Mike Brundage Quarterback Oregon
249 Philadelphia Eagles Ike Kelley Linebacker Ohio State
250 Dallas Cowboys George Allen Tackle West Texas State
251 Washington Redskins Mitch Zalnasky Wide receiver Pittsburgh
252 St. Louis Cardinals Benny Russell Quarterback Louisville
253 Detroit Lions Ralph Dunlap Defensive end Baylor
254 New York Giants Gary Eickman Tackle Illinois
255 San Francisco 49ers Jim Breland Center Georgia Tech
256 Minnesota Vikings Monroe Beard Running back Virginia Union
257 Chicago Bears Curtis Gentry Defensive back Maryland-Eastern Shore
258 Green Bay Packers Dave Hathcock Defensive back Memphis State
259 Cleveland Browns Gene Modzelewski Tackle New Mexico State
260 Baltimore Colts Randy Matson Tackle Texas A&M

Round eighteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
261 Atlanta Falcons Doug Korver Center Northern Iowa
262 Los Angeles Rams Ray Johnson Linebacker Whitworth
263 Pittsburgh Steelers Ken Lucas Quarterback Pittsburgh
264 Philadelphia Eagles Bill Moorer Center Georgia Tech
265 Washington Redskins Joe Burson Running back Georgia
266 Dallas Cowboys Steve Orr Tackle Washington
267 Detroit Lions Bill Johnson Wide receiver Livingston
268 New York Giants Kai Anderson Center Illinois
269 San Francisco 49ers Ron Parson Wide receiver Austin Peay
270 Minnesota Vikings Dale Greco Defensive tackle Illinois
271 St. Louis Cardinals Willie Jones Defensive end Kansas State
272 Chicago Bears Charley Kines Tackle Michigan
273 Cleveland Browns Charley Harraway Running back San Jose State
274 Green Bay Packers Jim Jones Defensive end Nebraska-Omaha
275 Baltimore Colts Ed Toner Tackle Massachusetts

Round nineteen

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
276 Atlanta Falcons Walt Mainer Defensive back Xavier
277 Los Angeles Rams Homer Williams Wide receiver USC
278 Pittsburgh Steelers Dave Neilson Quarterback Albion
279 Philadelphia Eagles Taft Reed Defensive back Jackson State
280 Dallas Cowboys Byron Johnson Tackle Central Washington
281 Washington Redskins Andre White Wide receiver Florida A&M
282 New York Giants Bobby Crockett Wide receiver Arkansas
283 San Francisco 49ers Dick Fitzgerald Tackle Nebraska
284 Minnesota Vikings Jessie Stokes Running back Corpus Christi State
285 St. Louis Cardinals Tony Golmont Defensive back North Carolina State
286 Detroit Lions Bob Baier Tackle Simpson
287 Chicago Bears Roger Haberer Running back Eastern Illinois
288 Green Bay Packers Dave Moton Wide receiver USC
289 Cleveland Browns Karl Singer Tackle Purdue
290 Baltimore Colts Ken Duke Running back Morgan State

Round twenty

Pick # NFL team Player Position College
291 Atlanta Falcons Bob Riggle Defensive back Penn State
292 Los Angeles Rams Bud Harrington Running back Tulsa
293 Pittsburgh Steelers Ron Springer Tackle Albion
294 Philadelphia Eagles Bill Risio Tackle Boston College
295 Washington Redskins John Kelly Center Florida A&M
296 Dallas Cowboys Lou Hudson Wide receiver Minnesota
297 San Francisco 49ers Willie Walker Wide receiver Baylor
298 Philadelphia Eagles Gerald Circo Kicker Cal State-Chico
299 St. Louis Cardinals Tom Gallagher Defensive end Indiana
300 Detroit Lions Allen Smith Running back Findlay
301 New York Giants Randy Minniear Running back Purdue
302 Chicago Bears Goldie Sellers Wide receiver Grambling
303 Cleveland Browns Joe Petro Defensive back Temple
304 Green Bay Packers Ed Maras Wide receiver South Dakota State
305 [5] Baltimore Colts Tom Carr Tackle Morgan State
= Pro Bowler [3] = Hall of Fame

Hall of Famers

  • Tom Mack, guard from University of Michigan taken 1st round 2nd overall by the Los Angeles Rams.
Inducted: Professional Football Hall of Fame class of 1999.[6]
  • Emmitt Thomas, wide receiver/quarterback from Bishop College, signed as an undrafted free agent by the Kansas City Chiefs, who converted him to cornerback.[7]
Inducted: Professional Football Hall of Fame class of 2008.[8]

Notable undrafted players

= Pro Bowler[3] = Hall of Fame
Original NFL team Player Pos. College Conf. Notes
Dallas Cowboys Dick Daniels  S Pacific Ind. (Univ.)
Detroit Lions Garo Yepremian  K    
Green Bay Packers Kent Nix  QB TCU SWC
Miami Dolphins George Chesser  P Delta State Ind. (NAIA)
Miami Dolphins Bob Neff  DB Stephen F. Austin LSC
Minnesota Vikings Jim Vellone  OG USC AAWU
New York Giants Willie Young  OT Grambling State SWAC
St. Louis Cardinals Jim Hart  QB Southern Illinois Ind.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "1966 NFL Draft". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Nobis, Grabowski top picks as pros tap college talent". Toledo Blade. Ohio. Associated Press. November 28, 1965. p. 3E.
  3. ^ a b c Players are identified as a Pro Bowler if they were selected for the Pro-Bowl at any time in their career.
  4. ^ Mike Garrett, 1965 Heisman Trophy winner "Heisman Trophy". Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  5. ^ This last selection is commonly referred to as Mr. Irrelevant.
  6. ^ List of 1990s Hall of Fame Inductee's at profootballhof.com "Pro Football Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
  7. ^ "Emmitt Thomas player profile at profootballhof.com". Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
  8. ^ List of 2000s Hall of Fame Inductee's at profootballhof.com "Pro Football Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.